漆籽漆蜡超临界CO_(2)萃取工艺研究  

Study on supercritical CO_(2)extraction of rhus wax from lacquer seeds

作　　者：王志龙 陈新强 李宇诚 黄浩 刘丽 钟帆 葛发欢[5] 李志良 WANG Zhilong;CHEN Xinqiang;LI Yucheng;HUANG Hao;LIU Li;ZHONG Fan;GE Fahuan;LI Zhiliang(Forestry Administration of Meizhou,Meizhou 514011,Guangdong,China;Forestry Research Institute,Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Meizhou 514011,Guangdong,China;Agricultural Service Center of Zhourui Town in Dapu County,Dapu 514257,Guangdong,China;Jiaoling Futai Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Jiaoling 514165,Guangdong,China;School of Pharmacy Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]梅州市林业局,广东梅州514011 [2]梅州市农林科学院林业研究所,广东梅州514011 [3]大埔县洲瑞镇农业服务中心,广东大埔514257 [4]蕉岭县福泰生物科技有限公司,广东蕉岭514165 [5]中山大学药学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2022年第6期16-22,共7页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新项目(2019KJCX032)。

摘　　要：采用超临界CO_(2)流体萃取技术对漆籽中漆蜡的提取进行了研究。通过单因素试验考察了萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度以及分离釜Ⅰ压力、分离釜I温度对漆蜡得率的影响。根据单因素试验结果,选择萃取釜压力、萃取温度、分离釜Ⅰ压力、分离釜Ⅰ温度作为考察因素,以漆蜡得率为评价指标,用正交试验对整个萃取工艺进行优化。结果表明:漆蜡最佳萃取条件为萃取釜压力30 MPa、萃取釜温度55℃,分离釜Ⅰ压力12 MPa、温度为55℃,分离釜Ⅱ压力为6 MPa、温度为50℃,分离釜Ⅲ压力为6 MPa、温度为50℃,萃取时间120 min。在此工艺条件下,漆蜡的平均萃取得率为36.45%。GC-MS分析显示,超临界CO_(2)流体萃取漆蜡的脂肪酸组成主要为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、油酸及二十烷酸(花生酸),其中棕榈酸、油酸和硬脂酸约占92%~95%。理化性质分析显示,超临界CO_(2)流体萃取漆蜡的熔点53℃、酸值21.61~25.96 mg·g^(-1)、碘值34.79~36.82 g·100 g^(-1)、皂化值198.29~214.65 g·100 g^(-1)。The extraction of rhus wax from lacquer seed by supercritical CO_(2) fluid extraction was studied.The effects of extraction time,pressure,temperature,pressure and temperature on the yield of rhus wax were investigated by single factor test.According to the single factor test results,the pressure of extraction kettle,extraction temperature,pressure of separation kettle Ⅰand temperature of separation kettle Ⅰwere selected as investigation factors,and the yield of rhus wax was taken as evaluation index.The orthogonal test was used to optimize the whole extraction process.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:The pressure of extraction kettle was 30 MPa and the temperature of extraction kettle was 55℃;the pressure of separation kettle Ⅰ was 12 MPa and the temperature was 55℃;the pressure of separation kettle Ⅱwas 6 MPa and the temperature was 50℃;the pressure of separation kettle Ⅲwas 6 MPa and the temperature was 50℃;the extraction time was 120 min.Under these conditions,the average extraction yield of rhus wax was 36.45%.Gc-ms analysis showed that the fatty acid composition of rhus wax extracted by supercritical CO_(2) fluid was mainly palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid and eicosanoic acid(arachidonic acid),of which palmitic acid,oleic acid and stearic acid accounted for 92%~95%.The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that the melting point of rhus wax extracted by supercritical CO_(2) fluid was 53℃,the acid value was 21.61~25.96 mg·g^(-1),the iodine value was 34.79~36.82 g·100 g^(-1),and the saponification value was 198.29~214.65 g·100 g^(-1).

关 键 词：漆蜡 超临界流体CO 2 萃取 野漆 

分 类 号：S794.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]