同位素技术应用于示踪矿山环境污染研究进展  

A Review of Research Progress of Isotope Technology in Tracing Pollution Process in the Mine Environment

作　　者：赵睿涵 韩志伟[1,2] 付勇[1,2] ZHAO Ruihan;HAN Zhiwei;FU Yong(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2022年第6期947-961,共15页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801705);国家自然科学基金委员会—贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442);贵州省人才基地建设项目(RCJD2018-21)。

摘　　要：随着采矿等矿业活动在全球范围内的大面积进行,人们对矿山及其周边环境问题的关注度持续增加。电感耦合多接收等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的出现推动了同位素的地球化学研究,也使得同位素示踪技术被广泛应用于探究矿山环境中的各类问题。为强调同位素示踪技术在复杂矿山环境中应用的重要性及其能解决科学问题的多样性,本文调研和分析了截至2022年7月国内外学者公开发表的借助同位素示踪技术测试、分析矿山水文环境中的地球化学过程及污染物来源/影响等方面的论文及其数据,研究区涵盖二十多个国家、四十多个地区。通过总结发现:水体氢、氧同位素示踪技术是矿山水源解析、水力联系研究及酸性矿山废水(AMD)源识别的有效工具;硫酸盐硫、氧同位素示踪技术为研究矿山环境中的硫酸盐来源、AMD酸化过程及污染、细菌硫酸盐的还原作用与元素迁移转化等提供重要支持;重金属(铅、镉、锌、汞等)同位素示踪技术是探究矿山及附近环境中的金属污染来源及不同来源贡献率的有效手段。大量研究表明,虽然同位素技术在解析矿山环境污染物来源和特征污染物迁移转化机制以及揭示矿山水文地球化学过程等方面起到重要作用,但目前的大部分研究局限于应用单一/少数同位素对矿山环境介质进行短时间示踪研究。因此,未来需进一步发展多同位素示踪技术,并对矿山环境中存在的各类问题进行长期、持续地监测调查,提出有效的污染防治新方法。BACKGROUND:With mining activities taking place on a global scale,the concern for environmental issues within and around mines continues to increase.The advent of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(MC-ICP-MS)has promoted the geochemical study of isotopes and has led to the widespread use of isotope tracing techniques to investigate various issues in the mining environment.OBJECTIVES:To systematically summarize the various types of studies currently conducted on the application of isotope tracing technology in mining environments,with the aim of highlighting the importance of the application of isotope tracing technology in complex mining environments and the diversity of scientific problems it can solve.METHODS:Data published by scholars at home and abroad by July 2022 has been collected and compiled on testing and analyzing the supply source/connection of mine water body,sulfate/carbonate source and the cause of acid mine wastewater(AMD),migration and transformation of mining elements,different sources and contribution rates of heavy metal pollution with the help of isotope tracer technology.The study area covers more than 40 regions in 20 countries.RESULTS:It is found that hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracing techniques in water bodies are effective tools for mine water source analysis,hydraulic linkage studies and AMD source identification.Sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope tracing techniques provide important support for the study of sulfate sources in mine environments,AMD acidification processes and pollution,bacterial sulfate reduction and elemental migration transformation.Heavy metal isotope(Pb,Cd,Zn,Hg isotopes)tracing technology is an effective way to investigate the sources of metal pollution in mines and nearby environments and the contribution of different sources.CONCLUSIONS:Although isotope techniques play an important role in resolving the sources of environmental pollutants in mines and the mechanisms of migration and transformation of characteristic pollutants and reveali

关 键 词：矿山环境 同位素 MC-ICP-MS 酸化过程 重金属 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]