豫北平原地下水高砷和高氟分布规律与成因  

Distribution and Origin of High Arsenic and Fluoride in Groundwater of the North Henan Plain

作　　者：王妍妍[1,2] 曹文庚 潘登[4] 王帅 任宇 李泽岩 WANG Yanyan;CAO Wengeng;PAN Deng;WANG Shuai;REN Yu;LI Zeyan(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;National Observation and Research Station on Groundwater and Land Subsidence in Cangzhou Plain,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Institute of Natural Resource Monitoring of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省/中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,河北石家庄050061 [3]河北沧州平原区地下水与地面沉降国家野外科学观测研究站,河北石家庄050061 [4]河南省自然资源监测院,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2022年第6期1095-1109,共15页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41972262);河北自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(D2020504032)。

摘　　要：豫北平原地处黄河中下游,同时存在着高砷和高氟地下水,但目前这种零星分布区砷和氟的共存机制尚不明确。本文采集了豫北平原332组浅层地下水样品,采用原子荧光光谱法测定砷含量,离子色谱和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等方法测定氟及其他阴阳离子含量,探讨地下水中砷和氟的空间分布规律,并结合水化学图解和因子分析法提取出影响该区地下水演化的主要因子,以此为思路对该区高砷和高氟地下水的成因机制进行探讨。结果表明:该平原地下水中砷和氟的浓度范围分别为0.0001~0.1900mg/L和0.13~4.94mg/L。高砷地下水主要分布在太行山前冲洪积洼地和黄河决口扇垂向15~80m;高氟地下水分布于黄河沿岸的黄河现代河道影响带垂向7~100m。蒸发浓缩作用、矿物的溶解/解吸附作用和氧化还原环境是控制该区地下水演化的主要因子。氟在因子F1(蒸发浓缩作用)和F2(矿物的溶解/解吸附作用)中分别占有0.214和0.743的载荷,氟浓度与ρ(Na^(+))/[ρ(Na^(+))+ρ(Ca^2+))]呈正相关,高浓度氟出现在Ca^2+)浓度较低的地下水中。黄河现代河道影响带强烈的蒸发浓缩作用有助于含氟矿物的溶解,黄河水的灌溉增加了地下水中Na^(+)浓度,进一步增强了其溶解作用,在这种环境下氟会浓缩并富集在地下水中。砷在因子F3(氧化还原环境)中占有0.728的载荷,与Fe^2+)、NH^(+)4呈正相关,与NO^(-)_(3)、SO^(2-)_(4)呈负相关,Eh越低,砷浓度越高。太行山前冲洪积洼地和黄河决口扇的还原环境有利于含砷的铁氧化物/氢氧化物发生还原性溶解,从而形成高砷地下水。pH值升高引起的以阴离子形式存在的砷酸根/亚砷酸根/氟化物在矿物表面的解吸附作用有利于该区砷和氟在地下水中共存。然而,该区地下水中砷和氟的相关性并不十分显著,这是由于高砷区高浓度的钙离子不利于氟的富集,而高氟区的弱还原条件不利于�BACKGROUND:The North Henan Plain is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,and both high arsenic and fluoride groundwater exist.However,the coexistence mechanism of arsenic and fluoride in this sporadic distribution area is unclear.OBJECTIVES:To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of arsenic and fluoride in shallow groundwater in the North Henan Plain.METHODS:332 groups of shallow groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in the North Henan Plain.Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine arsenic content,and ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy were used to determine the content of fluoride and other cation-anions.Based on the spatial distribution of arsenic and fluoride,combined with hydrochemical diagrams and factor analysis,three main factors affecting the evolution of groundwater in this area were extracted,and the formation mechanism of high arsenic and high fluoride groundwater in this area was discussed.RESULTS:The concentrations of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater were 0.0001-0.1900 mg/L and 0.13-4.94 mg/L,respectively.The high-arsenic groundwater was mainly distributed in the vertical depth of 15-80 m in the front alluvial-diluvial depression of Taihang Mountain and the Yellow River flood fan.The high-fluoride groundwater was mainly distributed in the vertical depth of 7-100 m in the modern channel influence zone of the Yellow River.Evaporation and concentration,mineral dissolution/desorption,and redox environment were the main factors controlling the evolution of groundwater in this area.Fluoride had loads of 0.214 and 0.743 in factor F1(evaporation and concentration)and F2(mineral dissolution/desorption),respectively.High concentration ofF appeared in groundwater with low concentration of Ca^2+),and the concentration of F was positively correlated withρ(Na^(+))/[ρ(Na^(+))+ρ(Ca^2+))].The strong evaporation and concentration in the modern channel influence zone of the Yellow River cont

关 键 词：豫北平原 高砷 高氟 原子荧光光谱法 离子色谱法 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 成因 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学]