催化水解反应的肽基模拟酶的活性来源、催化机理及应用  

The Activity Origin, Catalytic Mechanism and Future Application of Peptide-Based Artificial Hydrolase

作　　者：赵自通 张真真 梁志宏[1,2] Zitong Zhao;Zhenzhen Zhang;Zhihong Liang(College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Food Quality and Safety Beijing Laboratory,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100083 [2]食品质量与安全北京实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第11期2386-2404,共19页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32172170);山东省自然科学基金项目(No.ZR202102260301)资助。

摘　　要：肽基材料由于其与蛋白质高度相似和结构可控等优势,是构建人工模拟酶的一种理想材料;此外,小肽中氨基酸排列的多样性、序列的自组装特性、纳米结构稳定性、结构简单易于设计、良好生物相容性等优势,使得构建具有高效催化活性的肽基模拟酶具有非常好的应用前景。利用肽基材料通过理性设计活性位点来构建模拟酶具有多方面优势:(1)氨基酸序列可以直接从天然酶中的活性位点获得,保留酶的功能,但降低了酶固有的复杂性;(2)肽序列中可以嵌入各种具有特定结构及功能的活性位点,便于对模拟酶进行人工理性设计;(3)肽具有良好的生物相容性,可以在温和条件下催化反应进行。根据催化降解化学键的不同,可将肽基水解模拟酶分为以下几种:催化酯键降解的肽基模拟酶、催化肽键降解肽基模拟酶、催化糖苷键水解的肽基模拟酶。本文主要分析了具有水解酶活性的肽基模拟酶的活性来源、构建方法及微观结构、催化反应类型、催化影响因素、活性改善方法、作用机理及未来潜在应用等;以期为构建具有高效水解催化活性的模拟酶提供借鉴,推进肽基水解模拟酶的研究发展及实际应用。Small peptides are the ideal material to construct artificial enzymes due to their advantages of high similarity to natural enzymes and controllable structure. Small peptides have more simple structures which makes them convenient for rational design. Meanwhile, the diversity of amino acids arrangement, self-assembly characteristics of the sequence, the stability of the nanostructure, and good biocompatibility make it possible to construct high-efficiency catalytic active peptide-based artificial enzymes with broad application prospects. There are many advantages to using peptide-based materials for rationally designing active sites to construct artificial enzymes.(1) The amino acid sequences can be derived directly from the active sites in the natural enzyme, therefore preserving the function of enzymes but reducing much of the complexity that is inherent to nature enzymes;(2) Various active sites with specific structures and functions can be embedded in the peptide sequence, which is convenient for the artificial rational design of the artificial enzymes.(3) Peptides have good biocompatibility and hydrolysis reaction under mild conditions. According to the different catalytic degradation of the chemical bond, the peptide-based artificial hydrolases are mainly divided into the following categories: catalytic ester bond degradation peptide-based artificial enzyme, catalytic peptide bond degradation peptide-based artificial enzyme, catalytic glycosidic bond degradation peptide-based artificial enzyme. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the peptide-based artificial hydrolase from activity origin, construction methods, microstructure, catalytic reaction type, catalytic influencing factors, activity improvement methods, activity mechanism, and future application. To promote the designing of peptide-based artificial enzymes with more efficient catalytic activity, accelerate the development and practical application of peptide-based artificial hydrolase.

关 键 词：肽基模拟酶 活性来源 水解反应 催化机理 应用研究 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学] O629.72[理学—化学]