人造细胞的化学构建及其生物医学应用研究  

Chemical Construction of Artificial Cells and Their Biomedical Applications

作　　者：蔡雪儿 简美玲 周少红 王泽峰 王柯敏[1] 刘剑波 Xueer Cai;Meiling Jian;Shaohong Zhou;Zefeng Wang;Kemin Wang;Jianbo Liu(State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]化学生物传感与计量学国家重点实验室湖南大学化学化工学院生物纳米与分子工程湖南省重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第11期2462-2475,共14页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.22177032);湖南省杰出青年基金项目(No.2021JJ10013)资助。

摘　　要：人造细胞是模拟生物细胞结构,人工构建的与细胞功能相近的微米囊泡。人造细胞的构建主要有两种模式:自上而下模式主要利用生物学方法对生物基因序列进行重新设计,获得具有细胞类似结构功能的人造细胞;自下而上模式主要利用化学方法采用非生命物质构筑简化的细胞结构模型。自下而上化学模式构建的人造细胞大多只包含执行所需功能的最小单元,具有简单的细胞仿生的结构与功能。本文详细综述了人造细胞的构建模式以及化学构建人造细胞的常见类型,包括脂质囊泡、蛋白体囊泡、聚合物囊泡、凝集体液滴和胶体囊泡等,总结了人造细胞在分析传感、细胞结构与功能模拟、生物载体转运、微纳米反应器、疾病诊疗方面的生物医学应用现状。Artificial cells are micro-vesicles that are artificially engineered to possess some structures and functions, similar to biological cells. There are two approaches for fabricating artificial cells. The top-down approach mainly makes a kit in biological methods to redesign and modify biological gene sequences to create artificial cells, and the bottom-up approach mainly adopts chemical methods to prepare protocell models from non-living matter. Here we review in detail towards the different chemically constructed artificial cells, including lipid vesicles, proteosomes, polymersomes, coacervate droplets and colloidosomes. Taken together, this minireview unravels an update on recent efforts in biomedical applications of artificial cells over a broad range of analytical sensing, cell structure and function simulation, biological cargo delivery, micro-nano reactors, and disease diagnosis and treatment.

关 键 词：人造细胞 自下而上 化学构建 生物医学应用 

分 类 号：O651[理学—分析化学] O652.1[理学—化学] O652.3