适应水位变化的鸟类生境修复研究——以三峡水库澎溪河大浪坝为例  

Research on the Restoration of Bird Habitats Adapting to Water-level Changes: A Case Study of Dalangba in Pengxi River, Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：陈鸿飞 袁嘉[1,2] 唐婷 张展菲 袁兴中 CHEN Hongfei;YUAN Jia;TANG Ting;ZHANG Zhanfei;YUAN Xingzhong

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室、重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心,重庆400044 [3]重庆大学三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国园林》2022年第12期32-37,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“山地城市水敏性区域草本植物群落适应性设计研究”(编号51808065);国家自然科学基金面上项目“乡村景观中小微湿地网络及其调控机理研究”(编号52178031)共同资助。

摘　　要：蓄水后三峡水库消落带的剧烈水位变化与反季节水淹,导致鸟类生境数量与质量的双重衰退,并引发鸟类群落组成与空间分布的显著变化。针对适应水位变化并恢复鸟类多样性这一三峡水库生物多样性保护的重要科学问题,选取澎溪河大浪坝消落带为研究区域,基于栖息、觅食、繁殖及庇护等鸟类生境综合需求,提出以“环境要素-生物要素-空间结构”协同设计为核心的鸟类生境修复技术框架。对修复后大浪坝消落带鸟类群落的结构及多样性变化进行评估,结果表明:鸟类生境质量显著改善,在不同季节及水位条件下均能维持良好的鸟类生境异质性,鸟类多样性得到持续提升。研究成果可为复杂水位变化影响下大型水库消落带的鸟类生境修复与多样性提升提供科学依据和可参考的技术范式。After impoundment, the drawdown zone of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) experienced the dramatic water-level fluctuation and off-season flooding, which led to the decline of bird habitat types and quality, and caused significant changes in the composition and spatial distribution of bird communities. In order to explore how to adapt to the water-level fluctuation and to restore bird diversity, this research chose Dalangba in the watershed of Pengxi River as the study area, and based on the complex needs of bird population such as habitat, foraging, reproduction and shelters, it proposes a technical framework for bird habitat restoration with the collaborative design of "environmental elements-biological elements-spatial structure".It carries out practical restoration of bird habitats in Dalangba, while conducting investigations on the structure and diversity changes of bird communities. Results revealed that the restored bird habitat types are more diverse than before and could be well maintained in different water-level conditions, while species diversity of birds is significantly increased. This research can provide a scientific guidance and application paradigm for bird habitat restoration and diversity improvement in the drawdown zone of large reservoirs with complex water level changes.

关 键 词：风景园林 水位变化 消落带 鸟类生境 生态修复 生物多样性 三峡水库 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]