青海玛可河林区冬季鸟类组成及其多样性  

The composition and diversity of birds population in the Makehe forest region of Qinhai Province in winter

作　　者：王扬 薛长福 马应龙 石长荣 赵闪闪 宋虓 徐爱春 WANG Yang;XUE Changfu;MA Yinglong;SHI Changrong;ZHAO Shanshan;SONG Xiao;XU Aichun(College of Life Sciences,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Qinghai Makehe Forestry Administration,Banma 814301,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]青海省玛可河林业局,青海班玛814301

出　　处：《中国计量大学学报》2022年第4期573-584,共12页Journal of China University of Metrology

基　　金：青海玛可河林区珍稀濒危野生动物监测与保护项目(No.2019-073)。

摘　　要：目的:研究青海省玛可河林区冬季鸟类群落结构和物种组成。方法:2019年12月至2020年1月采用样线法对林区开展鸟类群落调查。结果:共记录鸟类7目23科70种。鸟类群落主要由古北种构成(53种,占比75.71%);群落中留鸟占比较高(66种,94.29%),仅记录到2种冬候鸟、1种旅鸟和1种夏候鸟。列入国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类7种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类16种。IUCN物种红色名录中被评估为濒危、易危和近危的7种,列入CITES附录Ⅰ、Ⅱ的14种。不同栖息地类型中的鸟类群落差异显著(P<0.05),森林和灌丛栖息地物种丰富度较高。物种垂直分布格局符合偏峰模式,海拔3400~3650 m区间内的物种丰富度最高。结论:本研究丰富了该区域鸟类资源状况,为该区域鸟类管理和保护提供了科学依据;未来在冬季应重点加强红军沟、美浪沟、格日则沟、灯塔水磨沟、上俄沟、下俄沟、热洪沟等区域的鸟类保护工作。Aims:This paper aims to study the community structure and the species composition in the Makehe forest region of Qinhai Province in winter.Methods:From December 2019 to January 2020,we employed the transect method to conduct the survey.Results:A total of 70 species of birds belonging to 7 orders and 23 families were investigated.The bird community was mainly composed of species from the Palaearctic(53 species,75.71%)realms.The proportion of resident species was 94.29%;and only two winter migrants,one passing migrant and one summer migrant were recorded during our survey.Observed species included 17 nationally protected species:seven classⅠspecies and 16 classⅡspecies.In addition,seven were listed as endangered(EN),vulnerable(VU)and near threatened(NT)by IUCN’s red list of vertebrates;and 14 were listed in CITES appendicesⅠandⅡ.Bird communities in different habitats were significantly different(P<0.05);and bird diversity in forest and shrub were higher.Species richness peaked in the 3400~3650 m elevation region,showing a low-elevation plateau with a mid-peaks pattern.Conclusions:This study enriches the bird resources and provides scientific basis for bird management and protection in this region.It is suggested that the future study should focus on bird protection in the Hongjun,Meilang,Dengtashuimo,Gerize,Shang’e,Xia’e and Rehong valleys during winter.

关 键 词：生物多样性 三江源 玛可河 鸟类 本底调查 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]