大气CO_(2) 浓度和气温升高下硝化抑制剂后效对大豆土壤无机氮和N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Soybean Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and N_(2)O Emissions under Elevated Atmospheric CO_(2) Concentration and Temperature

作　　者：李超 郝兴宇[1] 李萍[1] 宗毓铮[1] 张东升 史鑫蕊 LI Chao;HAO Xingyu;LI Ping;ZONG Yuzheng;ZHANG Dongsheng;SHI Xinrui(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2022年第6期559-567,共9页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971773)。

摘　　要：为探究气候变化背景下,小麦-大豆轮作体系中小麦季施用硝化抑制剂对大豆土壤无机氮、N_(2)O排放及相关酶活性的后效作用,在控制气室内设置了不同的大气CO_(2) 浓度(400和600μmol/mol)和气温(环境温度T和T+2℃),在此基础上测定了小麦季添加硝化抑制剂时大豆土壤的硝态氮和铵态氮的含量、土壤硝化-反硝化相关酶活性以及N_(2)O排放量。结果表明,小麦季添加硝化抑制剂配合麦秸还田,使大豆土壤的硝态氮和铵态氮均有所增加,但是对土壤硝化-反硝化酶的活性影响较小。升温(ET)使大豆土壤硝态氮含量显著增加,而铵态氮含量显著降低;大气CO_(2) 浓度增加(EC)或同时升高气温和CO_(2) 浓度(ECT),土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的含量均有所增加,但与环境高温和CO_(2) 浓度(CK)下的无机氮含量差异不显著。不同环境条件下的土壤硝化-反硝化酶的活性没有明显规律。在ET和ECT条件下,大豆生长季N_(2)O排放总量均显著高于CK处理,且添加硝化抑制剂使N_(2)O排放量降低。EC与CK条件下的N_(2)O排放量差异较小,但在CK条件下,硝化抑制剂处理的N_(2)O排放量显著高于普通尿素处理。综上所述,在气温和CO_(2) 浓度升高背景下,硝化抑制剂的合理施用有利于大豆土壤有效氮的增加,但是温度升高(ET和ECT)使N_(2)O排放量增加,在此条件下添加硝化抑制剂可以减少N_(2)O的排放,单独升高CO_(2) 浓度(EC)时,N_(2)O排放的变化不明显。本研究可为未来气候变化背景下的小麦-大豆轮作施肥管理及农田N_(2)O减排提供理论支持。To investigate the effects of nitrification inhibitors applied in the wheat season on the soil inorganic nitrogen (N),N_(2)O emissions and related enzyme activities in the soybean season for the wheat-soybean rotation system under the background of climate change,different atmospheric CO_(2) concentration (400 and 600μmol/mol) and air temperature (ambient temperature T and T+2℃) were set in the control air chamber.The contents of soybean soil nitrate and ammonium N,nitrification and denitrification-related enzyme activities and N_(2)O emissions were measured when nitrification inhibitors were added in the wheat season.The results showed that the addition of nitrification inhibitor combined with wheat straw returning to the field in wheat season increased soil nitrate N and ammonium N in soybean season,whereas it had little effect on the enzyme activities of soil nitrification-denitrification.Elevated air temperature (ET) significantly increased the content of nitrate N in soybean soil,while the content of ammonium N significantly decreased.At the conditions of increased atmospheric CO_(2) concentration (EC) or simultaneously increased air temperature and CO_(2) concentration (ECT),soil nitrate N and ammonium N content both increased,whereas there were no significantly difference with the inorganic N content under ambient temperature and CO_(2) concentration(CK).The enzyme activities of soil nitrification-denitrification under different environmental conditions showed no obvious regularity.Under ET and ECT conditions,the total amount of N_(2)O emission in soybean growing season was significantly higher than that in CK treatment,and the addition of nitrification inhibitors reduced N_(2)O emission.The difference of N_(2)O emissions between EC and CK conditions was small,whereas the N_(2)O emission of nitrification inhibitor treatment was significantly higher than that of common urea treatment under CK condition.To sum up,under the background of rising air temperature and CO_(2) concentration in the future,reasona

关 键 词：大豆 气候变化 土壤硝态氮 N_(2)O 酶 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]