管道不加热集输粘壁行为与粘附理论  

Wall sticking behavior and adhesion theory of oil in low-temperature gathering and transportation by pipeline

作　　者：李小龙 韩文超 陈高磊 杨明 胡春平 时浩 黄启玉 吕杨 LI Xiaolong;HAN Wenchao;CHEN Gaolei;YANG Ming;HU Chunping;SHI Hao;HUANG Qiyu;LYU Yang(PipeChina West Pipeline Company;PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology;College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing)//National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety//Beijing Key Laboratory)

机构地区：[1]国家管网集团西部管道有限责任公司 [2]国家管网集团科学技术研究总院分公司 [3]中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院·油气管道输送安全国家工程实验室·城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室

出　　处：《油气储运》2022年第12期1455-1463,共9页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“含蜡原油常温输送机理及流动改性方法研究”,51534007;国家自然科学基金资助项目“油包水型乳状液蜡分子扩散和蜡晶颗粒沉积机理研究”,51374224。

摘　　要：为了进一步探究高含水含蜡原油不加热集输粘壁行为的影响因素与形成机理,通过不加热集输环道实验与粘附理论探究了含水率、管流剪切力、含蜡量对粘壁现象的影响。基于含蜡原油界面特性的实验分析,讨论了油滴的粘附能与内聚能在粘壁行为中的作用。结果表明:宏观上增大含水率、增大管流剪切力、降低含蜡量会弱化粘壁行为;界面特性方面,粘附能对温度的响应并不敏感,粘附能的大小主要取决于管壁材质的表面自由能,而造成粘壁层生长的主要因素是低温下分散油滴与初始粘壁层之间的内聚作用;微观上油滴的范德华相互作用是粘壁行为发生的主要作用机理,Hamaker常量、油水乳状液粒径、介质温度、油滴间分离间距是主要影响因素。最终利用含蜡原油粘壁温度理论模型计算了D油井的粘壁温度并开展了现场试验,充分验证了该管道不加热集输的可行性,可为今后在高含水油田试行与推广不加热集输提供技术参考与理论基础。In order to further explore the influencing factors and formation mechanism of wall sticking behavior of waxy crude oil at high water content in low-temperature gathering and transportation,the effects of water content,pipe flow shear force and wax content on wall sticking phenomenon were studied through the loop experiment of low-temperature gathering and transportation and the adhesion theory.Based on the experimental analysis on the interfacial properties of waxy crude oil,the effects of the adhesion and cohesion energy of oil droplets on wall sticking behavior were discussed.According to the results,the wall sticking behavior could be weakened by macroscopically increasing the water content,increasing the pipe flow shear force and reducing the wax content.In terms of interfacial properties,the adhesion energy is not sensitive to temperature but mainly depends on the surface free energy of the pipe wall material,and the main factor causing the growth of wall-sticking layer is the cohesion between the dispersed oil droplets and the initial wall-sticking layer at low temperature.Microscopically,the Van der Waals interaction of oil droplets is the main mechanism of wall sticking behavior,which is mainly affected by the Hamaker constant,particle size of oil-water emulsion,medium temperature and separation distance between oil droplets.Finally,the wall sticking temperature of oil well D was calculated using the theoretical model of wall sticking temperature of waxy crude oil,and the field test was carried out to fully verify the feasibility of the pipeline for low-temperature oil gathering and transportation,which could provide technical reference and theoretical basis for the trial implementation and popularization of low-temperature gathering and transportation in oilfields with high water content in the future.

关 键 词：不加热集输 粘壁现象 粘附理论 范德华相互作用 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]