祁连藏羊牦牛粪便微生物多样性比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Faeces Microbial Diversity of Tibetan Sheep and Yak from Qilian

作　　者：繁萍[1] 魏聪聪 李茹 骆寅梅 张瑞强[1] FAN Ping;WEI Cong-cong;LI Ru;LUO Yin-mei;ZHANG Rui-qiang(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2022年第5期14-17,46,共5页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2018-ZJ-765);青海高端创新人才计划(2019-64)。

摘　　要：为了解青海祁连有机牧场放牧藏羊和牦牛粪便中微生物多样性及动物间差异,本研究采用宏基因组方法分析了该地区采集的藏羊和牦牛粪便样本的物种DNA信息,经过NR数据库注释和以种水平为主的数据比较分析,获得了两种粪便中的细菌、古菌、真核微生物和病毒的目标数据。结果显示,藏羊粪便中有效序列数17 343 250条,在NR库中共注释物种数10 786种。牦牛有效物种序列数19 108 126条,共注释物种数8 774种。其中藏羊粪便中的细菌、古菌和病毒种数多于牦牛,而牦牛粪便中的真菌种数多于藏羊。两种动物粪便中细菌与古菌的最优势分类在门、纲、目、科和属上完全一致,仅在种水平不同。藏羊粪便中真核微生物最优势种是EMILIANIA_HUXLEYI,而牦牛粪便中真核微生物最优势种是Trichuris_trichiura,一种人兽共患寄生虫,这可能提示被采样牦牛群中存在这种寄生虫致病的风险。病毒方面只能确认分类到目水平,两种动物粪便中的病毒分类差异在属和种,但均为噬菌体,只是不同分型。The construction of organic pastures, which has provided high-quality pasture for grazing animals, also affects the microbes in the digestive system of grazing animals.In order to understand the microbial diversity and differences among animals in the faeces of Tibetan sheep and yak grazing on organic pastures in Qilian, Qinghai province, in this study, the species DNA information of Tibetan sheep and yak faeces which was collected in this area has analyzed by using metagenomic methods, and NR database annotation and compared species-level data, the target data of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and viruses in two kinds of faeces were obtained.The results showed that there were 17343250 sequences in Tibetan sheep feces and 10786 species were annotated in NR database. There were 19108126 effective species sequences and 8774 annotated species in yak feces. There were more species of bacteria, archaea and virus in the faeces of Tibetan sheep than in the faeces of yak, and more species of fungi in the feces of yak than in the feces of Tibetan sheep. The dominant taxa of bacteria and archaea in the feces of the two species were identical in phyla, class, order, family and genus, but different in species level. The dominant eukaryote species in Tibetan sheep feces is Emiliania_huxleyi, while the dominant eukaryote species in yak feces is Trichuris_trichiura, a zoonotic parasite, this may suggest a risk of disease from the parasite in the sampled yaks. The classification of viruses in the faeces of the two species is different in genus and species, but they are all bacteriophages, only different types.

关 键 词：宏基因组 粪便微生物多样性 藏羊 牦牛 祁连 

分 类 号：S826.3[农业科学—畜牧学]