双阶同深分段掏槽爆破技术在竖井掘进中的应用  

Application of Two-stage and Same Depth Sublevel Cutting Blasting Technology in Shaft Excavation

作　　者：李龙福 江东平 方建国 章结传 LI Longfu;JIANG Dongping;FANG Jianguo;ZHANG Jiechuan(Maanshan Institue of Mining Research Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2022年第12期18-22,共5页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2017YFC0602902)。

摘　　要：为提高矿山井筒掘进施工循环进尺,在分析井筒爆破常用的直眼筒形掏槽和斜眼锥形掏槽形式特点的基础上,研究设计了双阶同深分段掏槽爆破技术。该掏槽技术的关键在于一阶掏槽孔采用分段装药结构,将炮孔内的炸药能量分2次释放,加上中间空孔的辅助作用,可有效提高一阶掏槽孔的爆破效果;一阶掏槽取得的好效果使得二阶掏槽破碎岩石更加容易,进一步提高了二阶掏槽质量;良好的掏槽质量为辅助孔破岩提供了足够的补偿空间和自由面,对爆破试验段能取得平均循环进尺3.67 m的效果起了决定性的作用;周边孔采用光面爆破措施使得井壁围岩质量得到有效控制,减少了刷帮、支护等其他辅助作业时间。双阶同深分段掏槽爆破技术配合大段高液压金属模板使用,大大提高了工序间的转换效率,有效缩短了竖井施工工期,综合爆破技术指标良好,为后续施工或其他类似井筒爆破掘进工程提供了范例。In order to improve the cyclic footage of mine shaft excavation construction,based on the analysis of the characteristics of straight hole cylindrical cutting and oblique hole conical cutting commonly used in shaft blasting,the double-stage and same depth sectional cutting blasting technology is studied and designed.The key of the cutting technology is that the firstorder cutting hole adopts the subsection charging structure,which releases the explosive energy in the blast hole twice,and the auxiliary effect of the middle empty hole can effectively improve the blasting effect of the first-order cutting hole;The good effect of the first-order cutting makes it easier for the second-order cutting to break the rock,and further improves the quality of the second-order cutting;The good cutting quality provides enough space and free surface for the auxiliary hole to break the rock,which plays a decisive role in the effect of the average cyclic footage of 3.67 m in the blasting test section;Smooth blasting measures are adopted for the surrounding holes to effectively control the quality of the surrounding rock of the shaft wall and reduce the time of other auxiliary operations such as side brushing and support.The two-stage and same depth sublevel cutting blasting technology combined with the use of large section and high hydraulic metal formwork,greatly improves the conversion efficiency between processes,effectively shortens the construction period of shaft,and has good comprehensive blasting technical indicators,which provides a model for subsequent construction or other similar shaft blasting excavation projects.

关 键 词：岩石力学 分段掏槽 爆破工程 竖井掘进 

分 类 号：TD236[矿业工程—矿井建设]