儿童社区获得性肺炎的临床特征分析  

Analysis of clinical characteristics of children with community acquired pneumonia

作　　者：宋建刚[1] 郭惠敏 庞随军[1] 李元霞[1] 薛峥峰[1] SONG Jiangang;GUO Huimin;PANG Suijun;LI Yuanxia;XUE Zhengfeng(Department of Pediatrics,Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University,Yan'an 716000,China;Department of Pediatrics,Baota District People's Hospital of Yan'an,Yan'an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学附属医院儿科一病区,陕西延安716000 [2]延安市宝塔区人民医院儿科,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《延安大学学报（医学科学版）》2022年第4期97-100,共4页Journal of Yan'an University:Medical Science Edition

基　　金：延安大学附属医院科学技术研究发展计划项目(2022PT-09);北京康盟慈善基金(B21181FN);2021年延安市科技创新研发平台项目(延安市儿科重点实验室)。

摘　　要：目的探究几种常见致病菌感染所致儿童社区获得性肺炎(Community acquired pneumonia,CAP)的临床特征,为儿童CAP的临床诊治提供依据。方法回顾性分析延安大学附属医院儿科2016年1月至2020年12月住院治疗并确诊为CAP患儿962例,按病原分组,其中肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)感染477例(MP组)、呼吸道合胞病毒(Respriatory syncytin virus,RSV)感染262例(RSV组)、腺病毒(Adenovirus,ADV)感染223例(ADV组)。收集患儿入院24 h内的血清呼吸道病原特异性抗体IgM结果,并统计患儿发热、咳嗽、喘息、肺部湿性啰音等临床症状体征。结果MP在夏季检出率较其他季节高,RSV在冬春季节检出率较高,ADV在冬季检出率较夏季高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);MP组与ADV组发热率较RSV组高(P<0.05);咳嗽率ADV组>MP组>RSV感染(P<0.05);RSV组与ADV组喘息率较MP组高(P<0.05);肺部湿性啰音率RSV组>ADV组>MP组(P<0.05)。结论MP、RSV、ADV是儿童CAP的重要病原体,但不同季节感染率存在较大差异;发热、咳嗽、喘息、肺部啰音虽是儿童CAP常见临床症状体征,但在不同致病菌感染后,其表现存在较大差异。Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of children with community acquired pneumonia(CAP)caused by several common pathogenic bacteria,and to provide basis for the diagnosis and treatment of children with CAP.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 962 children diagnosed with CAP who were hospitalized in the pediatric department,Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University from January 2016 to December 2020 were selected.Among them,477 cases were infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP group),262 cases were infected with respriatory syncytin virus(RSV group),and 223 cases were infected with adenovirus(ADV group).The IgM results of the joint inspection of respiratory pathogens in the children within24 hours of admission were collected,and the clinical manifestations such as fever,cough,wheezing,and pulmonary moist rales were sorted out.Results The detection rate of MP was higher in summer than in other seasons,the detection rate of RSV in spring and winter was higher than that in summer and autumn,respectively,and the detection rate of ADV in winter was higher than that in summer,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the fever rate in MP group and ADV group was higher than that in RSV group(P<0.05);the cough rate was ADV group>MP group>RSV group(P<0.05);the wheezing rate of RSV group and ADV group was higher than that of MP group(P<0.05);the pulmonary moist rales rate was RSV goup>ADV goup>MP goup(P<0.05).Conclusion MP,RSV and ADV are the important pathogens of CAP in children,but the infection rates vary greatly in different seasons;fever,cough,wheezing and pulmonary moist rales are common clinical manifestations of CAP in children,but their manifestations are quite different after infection with different pathogens.

关 键 词：社区获得性肺炎 病原学 临床特征 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]