赋化散文与《史记》之叙事艺术——以《滑稽列传》《货殖列传》《太史公自序》为例  

Fu-styled Proses and the Narrative Art of Shiji:Take Gu Ji Lie Chuan,Huo Zhi Lie Chuan and The Preface to Taishi Gong for Example

作　　者：张高评 ZHANG Gao-ping(College of Liberal Arts,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Cheng Kung University,Tainan 886-701,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]成功大学,中国台湾台南886-701

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期52-60,共9页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：其事、其文、其义,为《春秋》书法之三大顶梁柱。衍变为史传文学,其史义与文心,亦借由比事与属辞体现之。《史记》为史传文学之开山,散体时出骈偶,其铺采摛文,体物写志,近乎比事属辞之《春秋》教;与辞赋创作手法之合纂组、列锦绣,亦相通相融。盖铺采、摛文、体物,犹《春秋》之比事而属辞,历史编纂之史意与文心,得以借形以传神。试观《史记》之叙事传人,举凡情事杂沓、千态万状、层见迭出者,多出以辞赋手法铺陈之。今取《滑稽列传》《货殖列传》《太史公自序》三篇赋化散文作为研究文本,参考属辞比事之书法与史法,分假设问对、层面铺排、历数列举、卒章显志、托物讽谕五端论证之。文体分类学既成,如赋化散文,以赋为文者,后世遂指为破体、变体,自是后设之指称。唯钱钟书《管锥编》称:“名家名篇,往往破体,而文体亦因以恢宏焉。”破体之新奇组合,足以恢宏文体,名家名篇亦由是而生成。今观《史记》诸名篇,信然。The three main writing methods of Chun Qiu were its event,context and meaning,which became the literature of historical biography,with the meaning of the history and the spirit of the literature expressed through the method of word connection and event arrangement.Shiji was the originator of the literature of historical biography,written in prose but sometimes mixed with parallel writings.The words were vivid,finely expressing the idea which was close to the method of word connection and event arrangement of Chun Qiu;It was also similar to and consistent with the composing method of Fu compilation and description.Therefore,the narration,vividness,and expression,like word connection and event arrangement in Chun Qiu,were the meaning of the history and the spirit of literature,which could be finely expressed by words.Examining the narration of events and people in Shiji,it was often written with the style of Fu when situation was complicated and various or events emerged one after another.In this paper Gu Ji Lie Chuan,Huo Zhi Lie Chuan and The Preface to Taishi Gong were used as research texts with the writing method and the compiling method of historical records in word connection and event arrangement as reference.The proof separated into five parts:hypothesis,arrangements,listing,emphasizing the topic in the end,and using things and events for allegory.As long as stylistics were classified,the Fu-styled proses and the articles written in the form of Fu were regarded as a kind of variation,which was really a statement of meta-analysis.QIAN Zhong Shu said in Guan Zhui Bian that,“The masterpieces of famous scholars are usually varied,which broadens the domain of stylistics.”The novel combination of the variation of stylistics could broaden the domain of stylistics,which gave the birth to the great works of outstanding scholars.It can be seen by reading the prominent contents of Shiji.

关 键 词：赋化散文 《史记》叙事 《滑稽列传》 《货殖列传》 《太史公自序》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]