环境、病原、免疫因子三要素与池塘养殖对虾AHPND发生的关联性  

THE OCCURRENCE OF AHPND IN POND CULTURED LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT,PATHOGEN AND IMMUNE FACTORS

作　　者：于永翔[1,2] 王印庚 蔡欣欣[1] 张正 廖梅杰 李彬[1,2] 荣小军 朱洪洋[1] 唐苗苗 王春元[1] YU Yong-Xiang;WANG Yin-Geng;CAI Xin-Xin;ZHANG Zheng;LIAO Mei-Jie;LI Bin;RONG Xiao-Jun;ZHU Hong-Yang;TANG Miao-Miao;WANG Chun-Yuan(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食品产出过程功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第1期1-10,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900102);山东省泰山产业领军人才项目(LJNY201802);苏北科技专项(SZ-LYG202028)资助。

摘　　要：为研究虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute Hepatopancreas Necrosis Disease,AHPND)的发生与环境、病原和虾体免疫间的相互关系,文章对池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)AHPND发生及其环境、病原、虾体免疫因子进行持续性跟踪监测。结果表明,试验点的气温、水温、溶解氧(DO)、pH、盐度、氨氮(NH4-N)和亚硝态氮(NO2-N)波动范围为21-29℃、24.8-31℃、1.4-8.32 mg/L、8-8.91、34-50、0.01-0.26 mg/L和0.005-0.212 mg/L;水体可培养细菌和弧菌数量变化范围为3×10^(3)-2.4×10^(5)和2×10^(2)-1.8×104 CFU/mL,虾体肝胰腺内可培养细菌和弧菌数量变化范围为9.8×10^(4)-8.8×10^(6)和3.9×10^(3)-3.61×10^(6)CFU/g;16S rDNA鉴定结果显示,在可培养优势菌株中,弧菌检出数量达到135株,占全部鉴定菌株的61.6%,其中主要弧菌种类有欧文氏弧菌(Vibrio owensii)、坎贝氏弧菌(V.campbellii)、副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi);虾体中ACP、AKP、SOD、LZM和PO等免疫酶活的变化范围分别为7.5-75、1-8.5、2.4-11.07、1.3-43和6.23-28 U/mg。结合AHPND发生前后各理化因子变化的相关性分析表明,水温、虾体肝胰腺内可培养细菌和弧菌数量、DO、LZM和PO可作为池塘养殖模式下对虾警示AHPND的指示因子。相关研究结果为指导池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾健康养殖及AHPND临床防控提供数据支撑和科学依据。Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease(AHPND) is an important limiting factor affecting the healthy cultivation of shrimp in recent years, which has brought huge economic losses to the global shrimp industry. In order to explore the relationship between the occurrence of AHPND and environment, pathogen and shrimp immunity factors,the pond cultured Litopenaeus vannamei systems were continuously monitored. Based on the 35 days continuously monitoring showed that, the air temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen(DO), pH, salinity, ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N) and nitrite(NO2-N) were fluctuated in the range of 21-29℃, 24.8-31℃, 1.4-8.32 mg/L, 8-8.91,34-50, 0.01-0.26 mg/L and 0.005-0.212 mg/L, respectively;the culturable bacteria and Vibrio sp. in water and shrimp hepatopancreas were fluctuated in the range of 3×10^(3)-2.4×10^(5) CFU/mL, 2×10^(2)-1.8×10^(4) CFU/mL,9.8×10^(4)-8.8×10^(6) and 3.9×10^(3)-3.61×10^(6) CFU/g, respectively;135 isolates of Vibrio sp. were detected based on 16S rDNA, and the main Vibrio species was V. owensii, V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi;the activities of ACP, AKP, SOD, LZM and PO were 7.5-75, 1.0-8.5, 2.4-11.07, 1.3-43 and 23-28 U/mg, respectively. Combined the physical and chemical factors before and after the occurrence of AHPND, the results showed that, water temperature, culturable bacteria and Vibrio sp. in hepatopancreas, DO, LZM and PO could be used as the early warning candidate factors for the occurrence of AHPND in pond culture. The results provide a scientific basis for the healthy culture of L. vannamei and the prevention and control of AHPND disease.

关 键 词：AHPND 环境因子 可培养细菌 免疫因子 预警因子 凡纳滨对虾 

分 类 号：S941.4[农业科学—水产养殖]