4份平欧榛种质生长动态及果实经济性状比较  

Comparison of growth dynamics and fruit economic characters of 4 Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana germplasms

作　　者：解甜甜 冯泽辉 王晨林 任宇辰 王雅茹 杨秀清[1] XIE Tiantian;FENG Zehui;WANG Chenlin;REN Yuchen;WANG Yaru;YANG Xiuqing(College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Yangqu County AnimalHusbandry Development Centre,Yangqu 030100,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]阳曲县畜牧发展中心,山西阳曲030100

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第4期29-41,共13页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NHGRC2021-NH12-2);农业农村部保种项目(19210123);晋中市科技重点研发计划(农业)项目(Y212011)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选生长适应性强、丰产性好、品质优的平欧榛良种,为试验地区平欧榛的种植推广及榛果的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以4份平欧榛种质盛果期的枝、叶、果实为材料,测定果实整个生长发育期(果壳硬化前期、果壳硬化期、种仁发育期、种仁充实期、果实成熟期)枝条的基径、长度,叶片的数量与横、纵径,果实和种仁的三径,单果质量净值和单果种仁质量净值,枝、叶、果苞及种仁中非结构性碳水化合物与可溶性蛋白的含量;成熟期果实与种仁性状(三径、单果质量净值、单果种仁质量净值、果形指数)、出仁性状(壳厚、果腔系数、单果出仁率)、种仁营养成分(水分、脂肪、淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素E)、丰产性(果序挂果数、单株结果数、单株产量净值)等18个果实经济性状指标,采用方差分析、多重比较等分析方法研究了不同种质平欧榛枝、叶生长和果实发育的表型与代谢物的变化特征、果实经济性状及其变异规律,并采用主成分分析法对4份种质进行综合评价。【结果】果实发育前期(至果壳硬化前期),4份种质枝条的基径、长度,叶片的横、纵径均大幅增长,其中,15号种质的相对增长量最大。在果实生长前期(果壳硬化前期至果壳硬化期),4份种质的枝条仍均快速增长,其中,21号基径和04号枝条长度的增长量均最大,与果壳硬化前期的相比,分别显著增加了43.32%和33.70%(P<0.05),之后随着果实的发育,枝条基径、长度的增长均缓慢。果实发育期,4份种质叶片横、纵径的增长均未呈现出规律性变化趋势。果实和种仁的三径,单果质量净值和单果种仁质量净值随着果实的发育均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。种仁充实期,4份种质种仁的三径与单果种仁质量净值均达到峰值,其中21号种质种仁的纵径、侧径及单果种仁质量净值均最大,但是,进入【Objective】In order to provide basis cultivation and utilization of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana in the study area and improved C.heterophylla×C.avellana varieties with strong growth adaptability,high yield and excellent quality were selected.【Method】The branches,leaves and fruits of 4 accessions of 4 C.heterophylla×C.avellana germplasm were used as materials to measure and analyze the phenotypic dynamics branch base diameter,length,number of leaves,transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of leaves,three-diameter,net mass per fruit and net seed quality per fruit and nutrient accumulation non-structural carbohydrate and soluble protein of branch and leaf and fruit bracts and kernel during fruit whole growth and development at the stages(nutshell pre-hardened stage,nutshell hardening stage,seed development stage,seed filling stage and fruit maturity stage),and 18 fruit economic characters such as fruit and kernel traits(three-diameter,net weight per fruit and net seed quality per fruit,fruit shape index),kernel traits(shell thickness,fruit cavity coefficient,net kernel),kernel nutrients(moisture,fat,starch,soluble sugar,soluble protein,VE)and high yield(bear fruit number of infructescence,number of results per plant,net yield per plant)at fruit maturity,the phenotypic and metabolite dynamic changes,fruit economic characters and their variation of different germplasm in C.heterophylla×C.avellana were studied by variance analysis and multiple comparison,the 4 accessions were evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA).【Result】The basal diameter and length of branches,leaves transverse and longitudinal diameter of all germplasm branches increased significantly before fruit development(to nutshell pre-hardened stage),and the relative increased amount of germplasm No.15 was the largest.In the early stage of fruit growth(from nutshell pre-hardened stage to nutshell hardening stage),there was still a rapid increase of all germplasm branches,among which the branches of No.21 basal diameter and N

关 键 词：平欧榛 生长动态 经济性状 种质间变异 

分 类 号：S664.4[农业科学—果树学]