湖南省4个薄壳山核桃品种果实形态和品质变化规律  

Fruit morphology and quality variation patterns of four Carya illinoinensis varieties in Hunan province

作　　者：王艺颖 周文君 卢琨 曾淑珍[1] 袁军[1] WANG Yiying;ZHOU Wenjun;LU Kun;ZENG Shuzhen;YUAN Jun(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;College of FoodScience and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学食品科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第4期52-60,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2018WK2041)。

摘　　要：【目的】测定分析4个薄壳山核桃品种的果实生长和内含物变化规律,以期为湖南省薄壳山核桃适时采收提供参考依据。【方法】以不同果实发育时期的薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’‘马汉’‘普兹列’和‘威斯顿’为研究对象,定期测定果实横纵经、干鲜质量以及内含物含量,并进行相关性分析。【结果】4个薄壳山核桃品种果实纵横径、干鲜质量均呈“S”型增长曲线,均有呈明显“慢—快—慢”的增长趋势。8月20日—9月10日为果实横径的快速增长期;7月20日—8月20日为果实纵径的快速增长期。4个薄壳山核桃品种种仁油脂累积主要在7月20日之后,其中含油率最高的品种为‘波尼’,达60.34%。脂肪酸组成成分分析结果显示,果实发育后期,薄壳山核桃种仁中脂肪酸含量由大到小依次为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸和花生酸,其中,油酸含量快速增长期为8月20日—9月30日。随着果实不断发育,可溶性糖含量变化呈先降后增的趋势;果实内的淀粉含量呈“M”形曲线;可溶性蛋白含量总体呈上升趋势,7月20日—9月10日为快速增长期。果实含水率在整个发育时期呈下降趋势,变化范围为75.68%~60.83%。相关性分析表明,薄壳山核桃果实出油率与果实横径、果实鲜质量呈显著正相关。【结论】综合分析发现,薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’‘马汉’在10月20日左右为最佳采收期;薄壳山核桃品种‘普兹列’和‘威斯顿’在9月30日前达到最佳采收期。【Objective】Determination and analysis of fruit growth and inclusions of four Carya illinoinensis varieties to provide a reference for timely harvesting of C.illinoinensis in Hunan province.【Method】‘Pawnee’,‘Mahan’,‘Pyzner’and‘Weston’,the varieties of C.illinoinensis,with different fruit growth stages were used for research,and the fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter,dry and fresh mass as well as fruit inclusions were regularly measured and correlated analyzed.【Result】The four C.illinoinensis varieties all showed“S”growth curves in both longitudinal and transverse diameter and dry and fresh mass,with rapid growth in transverse diameter from August 20 to September 10 and rapid growth in longitudinal diameter from July 20 to August 20.The fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters and the fruit dry and fresh mass both showed an obvious“slow-fast-slow”growth trend with time.The highest oil content was‘Pawnee’,which reached 60.34%.At the late stage of fruit growth,the results of fatty acid composition analysis showed that the fatty acid content of pecan oil consisted of oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,linolenic acid and arachidic acid in descending order.Oleic acid content rapidly increased in seed kernels from August 20 to September 30.As the fruit growth,the soluble sugar content decreased,and then increased;the starch content in the fruit showed an“M”curve;the soluble protein content showed increasing trend,with a rapid growth period from July 20 to September 10.Fruit water content showed a decreasing trend throughout the whole growth period,with a variation range of 75.68%~60.83%.Correlation analysis showed that the oil yield of C.illinoinensis fruit was significantly positively correlated with fruit transverse diameter and fruit fresh mass.【Conclusion】In a comprehensive analysis,C.illinoinensis varieties‘Pawnee’and‘Mahan’were optimally harvested around October 20;C.illinoinensis varieties‘Pyzner’and‘Weston’reached the best

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 果实发育 内含物 采收期 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学] S789.5[农业科学—园艺学]