2种树形对银杏光合特性及种实产量和品质的影响  

Photosynthetic characteristics,seed kernel quality and seed yield of Ginkgo bilobal in different tree shapes

作　　者：申林静 杨果 唐隆平 蒋舜村 李萌[1] 冯致 王义强[1,2] SHEN Linjing;YANG Guo;TANG Longping;JIANG Shuncun;LI Meng;FENG Zhi;WANG Yiqiang(Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology of Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Economic Forest Cultivation and Protection,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Dongan Shunhuang Mountain National Forest Park,Yongzhou 425000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林业生物技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]东安舜皇山国家森林公园,湖南永州425000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第4期97-104,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1100403,2017YFD0600701);国家自然科学基金项目(31570682)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适宜的银杏树形,为银杏优质、丰产栽培提供参考。【方法】2019年4—9月,以开心形和主干分层形2种树形的银杏植株为研究对象,使用Yaxin-1102G光合仪测定2种树形银杏的光合作用相关参数,采用95%乙醇浸提法测定叶片叶绿素含量,分别采用蒽酮比色法、考马斯亮蓝法和索氏提取法测定银杏种仁的可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质和油脂含量,对2种树形植株的光合特性、种仁品质及种实产量进行比较分析。【结果】在2019年6月4日06:00—18:00和2019年4—9月各月份,总体上开心形银杏植株的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度均大于主干分层形植株。2种树形银杏植株叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均呈先升高、后降低的变化趋势,开心形银杏植株的叶绿素含量高于主干分层形植株。开心形银杏植株种仁的可溶性糖、油脂、淀粉、可溶性蛋白等内含物含量均高于主干分层形植株,但开心形银杏植株的种实产量低于主干分层形植株。【结论】开心形银杏树形结构较为合理,具有叶片叶绿素含量高、光合特性好、种仁品质优、种实产量稍低的特点,可通过适当修剪,培养结果枝,达到增产的目的;主干分层形植株的主枝多,叶片叶绿素含量低,光合特性差,种仁品质差,种实产量较高,可通过疏除过密枝条、加强肥水管理,促进优质银杏种实生产。【Objective】The suitable ginkgo tree shape was screened to provide reference for the high quality and high yield cultivation of Ginkgo biloba.【Method】From April to September 2019,G.biloba with open-heart shape and trunk stratified shape was selected as the research object.Yaxin-1102G photosynthesis apparatus was used to determine the photosynthesis related parameters and 95% ethanol extraction method was used to determine the chlorophyll content of leaves.The contents of soluble sugar,starch,protein and oil in the kernel were determined by anthrone-colorimetric method,Coomassie brilliant blue method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively.The photosynthetic characteristics,kernel quality and seed yield of the two shapes plants were compared and analyzed.【Result】From 06:00 to 18:00 on June 4,2019 and from April to September,2019,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and intercellular CO_(2) concentration of open-heart G.biloba plants were higher than those of trunk stratified ginkgo plants.The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the leaves of two shapes plants increased first and then decreased,and the chlorophyll content of open-heart plants was higher than that of trunk stratified ginkgo plants.The contents of soluble sugar,oil,starch and soluble protein in seeds of open-heart G.biloba were higher than those of trunk stratified G.biloba,but the seed yield of open-heart Ginkgo biloba was lower than that of trunk stratified ginkgo.【Conclusion】The tree structure of open-heart ginkgo is reasonable,and it has the characteristics of high chlorophyll content in leaves,good photosynthetic characteristics,good seed quality and slightly low seed yield.It can achieve the purpose of yield increase by proper pruning and cultivation of fruit branches.The plant with stratified trunk has many main branches,low chlorophyll content in leaves,poor photosynthetic characteristics,poor seed quality and high seed yield.The plant with stratified trunk can promote the seed produ

关 键 词：银杏 树形 叶绿素含量 光合特性 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S664.3[农业科学—果树学]