不同施氮量对灵武长枣各发育阶段果实品质的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen rates on fruit quality of Lingwuchangzao at different developmental stages

作　　者：李振强 马旭 田应明 范志懿 万仲武 刘佳嘉 LI Zhenqiang;MA Xu;TIAN Yingming;FAN Zhiyi;WAN Zhongwu;LIU Jiajia(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Daquan Forest Farm of Lingwu City,Lingwu 750499,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]灵武市大泉林场,宁夏灵武750499

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第4期124-132,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060338)。

摘　　要：【目的】为灵武长枣科学施氮提供参考。【方法】以灵武长枣为试验材料,设置5个氮肥处理,氮肥施用量分别为0、150、300、450、600 kg/hm^(2),各处理均施用钾肥(150 kg/hm^(2))和磷肥(60 kg/hm^(2)),采用单株填埋施肥,分2次施入。根据物候期采摘果实,测量不同施氮处理下灵武长枣果实的各品质指标,探究不同施氮量下灵武长枣各果实品质指标随物候期的变化规律,分析各施肥水平对果实品质的影响。【结果】在主要物候期内,灵武长枣果实单果质量、纵横径、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比呈现上升趋势,有机酸含量呈现先下降、后上升的趋势,维生素C含量和果形指数呈下降趋势。在生长阶段,各施肥处理下果实品质的差异显著,各施氮处理下果实品质均优于对照,其中300 kg/hm^(2)施氮量处理下成熟期果实的单果质量、糖酸比和维生素C含量均高于其他处理,相较于不施肥处理分别提高了10.90%、15.94%和17.27%,有机酸含量相较于不施肥处理降低了6.72%。采用模糊综合评判法对不同施氮处理的灵武长枣果实品质进行综合评价,得出灵武长枣最佳氮肥施用量为300 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】不同施氮处理下果实品质指标均优于不施氮对照。当氮肥施用量为300 kg/hm^(2)时,能提高灵武长枣果实单果质量积累,减缓维生素C分解,降酸效果明显,并能显著提高糖酸比。因此,在灵武市大泉林场及灵武市其他砂壤土栽培地区,灵武长枣的最佳施氮量为300 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】Provide reference for scientific nitrogen application in Lingwuchangzao.【Method】Lingwu changzao was used as the experimental material,and five nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up.The nitrogen fertilizer application rates were 0,150,300,450 and 600 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Each treatment was applied with the same content of potassium fertilizer(150 kg/hm^(2))and phosphorus fertilizer(60 kg/hm^(2)),and the single plant landfill fertilization was applied twice.The fruits were picked according to the phenological period,and the quality indexes of Lingwuchangzao fruits under different nitrogen treatments were measured.The changes of fruit quality indexes with phenological period under different nitrogen application rates were explored,and the effects of different fertilization levels on fruit quality were analyzed.【Result】During the main phenological period,the single fruit mass,vertical and horizontal diameter,soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of Lingwuchangzao fruit showed an upward trend,organic acid content showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing,vitamin C content and fruit shape index showed a downward trend.In the growth stage,the difference of fruit quality under each fertilization treatment was significant,and the fruit quality under each nitrogen application treatment was better than that of the control.The single fruit mass,sugar acid ratio and vitamin C content of the mature fruit under the nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm^(2)were higher than those of other treatments,which were 10.90%,15.94%and 17.27%higher than those of the non-fertilization treatment,respectively,and the organic acid content was 6.72%lower than that of the non-fertilization treatment.The fruit quality of Lingwuchangzao under different nitrogen treatments was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,and the optimum nitrogen application rate was 300 kg/hm^(2).【Conclusion】The fruit quality indexes under different nitrogen treatments were better than those without nitrog

关 键 词：灵武长枣 氮肥 物候期 果实品质 模糊综合评判法 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]