不同砧木对两个鲜食葡萄品种生长与果实品质的影响  

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and berry quality of two table grape varieties

作　　者：郝燕[1] 朱燕芳 张坤 王玉安[1] HAO Yan;ZHU Yanfang;ZHANG Kun;WANG Yu’an(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Weifang University,Weifang 261061,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]潍坊学院生物与农业工程学院,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第4期246-255,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-29);甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目“适宜城郊发展的香味葡萄新品种引进与栽培模式研究”(GNKJ-2016-22)。

摘　　要：【目的】为给我国西北地区鲜食葡萄品种‘爱神玫瑰’和‘火洲紫玉’嫁接所用优良砧木的选择和葡萄砧穗互作机理的研究提供理论依据。【方法】以3个砧木(SO4、5BB、3309M)分别与‘火洲紫玉’和‘爱神玫瑰’嫁接,以其自根苗为对照,对其嫁接苗的生长状态和葡萄果实品质等生理指标分别进行测定,并采用主成分分析法对其进行综合分析。【结果】砧木SO4和3309M与接穗‘火洲紫玉’和‘爱神玫瑰’的嫁接苗的新梢生长势与其自根苗的相比均较旺盛,其叶片SPAD值均显著提高,单粒质量和果粒大小均明显增大。葡萄果实的单粒质量,砧木SO4与接穗品种‘爱神玫瑰’嫁接的达到2.75 g,其与接穗品种‘火洲紫玉’嫁接的达到4.48 g;砧木3309M与接穗品种‘爱神玫瑰’嫁接的达到2.18 g,其与接穗品种‘火洲紫玉’嫁接的达到3.46 g。砧木SO4与接穗品种‘爱神玫瑰’嫁接的葡萄果实中可溶性固形物的含量达到22.37%,其固酸比为66.27,其含量与比值均高于其自根苗的;砧木SO4对‘火洲紫玉’嫁接苗的葡萄果实中可溶性固形物含量的影响不明显,其可溶性糖含量(182.44 mg·g-1)高于其自根苗的,而其可滴定酸含量却低于其自根苗的。砧木3309M显著提高了‘爱神玫瑰’嫁接苗的葡萄果实的固酸比;降低了‘火洲紫玉’嫁接苗的葡萄果实中可滴定酸的含量。采用主成分分析法综合评价得出,砧木3309M和SO4与接穗品种‘火洲紫玉’和‘爱神玫瑰’的嫁接苗其生长状态和果实品质的综合评价得分均高于其自根苗的。【结论】砧木3309M和SO4与‘火洲紫玉’和‘爱神玫瑰’的嫁接苗生长状态和果实品质均较好,砧木3309M和SO4对西北地区盐碱地的适应性均较强,均可适宜用作‘火洲紫玉’和‘爱神玫瑰’的嫁接砧木。【Objective】In Northwest China,‘AishenMeigui’and‘HuozhouZiyu’grapes were studied to select the stock-scion combination with good growth habits and fruit quality.【Method】Three rootstocks(SO4,5BB and 3309M)were grafted with‘HuozhouZiyu’and‘AishenMeigui’respectively,and self-rooted grapevines were used as the control.The growth,fruit quality and other physiological indexes of grafted seedlings were measured and comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis.【Result】The 3309M and SO4 had strong adaptability on saline alkali land and were suitable for the climatic conditions in Northwest China.The new shoots of grafted trees with SO4 and 3309M and scions‘HuozhouZiyu’and‘AishenMeigui’were more vigorous than those of self-rooted seedlings,significantly increased the leave SPAD value,and significantly increased the berry mass and fruit grain size.The berry mass of SO4 grafted‘AishenMeigui’was 2.75g,and the berry mass of SO4 grafted‘HuozhouZiyu’was 4.48g;the berry mass of 3309M grafted‘AishenMeigui’was 2.18g,and the berry mass of 3309M grafted‘HuozhouZiyu’was 3.46g.The soluble solids of‘AishenMeigui’grafted with SO4 were 22.37%,and the solid acid ratio was 66.27,both of which were higher than those of control;there was no significant effect on the soluble solids of‘HuozhouZiyu’fruit.The soluble sugar content was 182.44 mg·g-1,higher than that of control,reduced the titratable acid content of fruits.3309M significantly increased the solid acid ratio of‘AishenMeigui’fruit;the content of titratable acid in the fruit of‘HuozhouZiyu’was reduced.Through principal component analysis,3309M and SO4 grafted with scions‘HuozhouZiyu’and‘AishenMeigui’were better than self-root seedlings.【Conclusion】The scion-rootstock combinations between rootstock 3309M and SO4 and scion have good growth status and fruit quality,which is suitable for grafting of‘Huozhou Ziyu’and‘Aishen Meigui’in Northwest China.

关 键 词：鲜食葡萄品种 砧木 生长状态 果实品质 嫁接试验 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]