土地经营权性质的法解释论及其制度构造  

On the Legal Interpretation of the Nature of Land Management Right And Its Institutional Structure

作　　者：席志国[1] Xi Zhiguo(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期32-40,共9页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(18AFX014);中国政法大学社科项目(19ZFG82011)。

摘　　要：土地经营权已经入典,然而关于其法律性质之争议却有愈演愈烈之势,这势必影响法律的稳定性与统一性。后民法典时代法学研究的重心在于应用法教义学发展出来的法律方法解释法律规范,就其理解与适用形成通说。自文义解释而言,土地经营权系权利人直接针对“土地”这一特定物所享有的权利,这已然彰显出了物权之支配性。自体系解释而论,土地经营权位于民法典物权编用益物权分编中则须一体适用物权法之规范,加之法律赋予其登记能力、对抗效力、保护的绝对性、处分之多样性等均足以证成其物权性。进一步,基于历史解释及目的解释方法,结合三权分置理论发展的历史背景及立法目的,只有将土地经营权定性为物权,才最契合三权分置,实现在社会主义公有制制度约束下的农地市场化的立法目的。而土地经营权债权说、双重权利说、折中说这三种不同学说所关切的问题,在物权说的框架下亦能得到相应的解决,并不构成土地经营权物权性质的制度障碍。This paper aims to use the legal interpretation method developed by the legal methodology to discuss the controversial nature of land management right in theory,so as to provide guidance for the application of this institution and make it take root in practice.Firstly,starting from the four interpretation methods,namely textual interpretation,system interpretation,historical interpretation and teleological interpretation,this paper comes to the conclusion that the land management right is a kind of real right.Based on the theory of legal argumentation,this paper makes a corresponding response to the concerns of different theories,such as the obligation right theory and the dual right theory.Finally,based on the real right nature of land management right,this paper develops the specific system of land management right,including the establishment,change,effectiveness and protection of land management right.

关 键 词：土地经营权 法律解释 法律续造 用益物权 债权 

分 类 号：DF452[政治法律—经济法学]