“三区三线”统筹划定中永久基本农田布局优化方法与实证  

Optimization method and empirical study on the layout of permanent basic farmland in the overall delimitation of“three land spaces and three control lines”

作　　者：方利[1] 姚敏 于忠伟 颜世伟 王永[1] 陈民[1] 景宜然 Fang Li;Yao Min;Yu Zhongwei;Yan Shiwei;Wang Yong;Chen Min;Jing Yiran(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100036,China;Meihekou Bureau of Natural Resources,Meihekou 135099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]自然资源部信息中心,北京100036 [3]梅河口市自然资源局,梅河口135099

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第16期42-50,F0003,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：自然资源部“自然资源综合管理和法治建设”项目(121101000000180052);中国工程院中国工程科技知识中心建设项目(CKCEST-2021-2-11)。

摘　　要：科学统筹划定“三区三线”,是落实主体功能区战略、构建国土空间开发保护新格局的重要举措。针对“三区三线”底版不统一、边界不一致、存在交叉冲突等问题,提出了基于“三区三线”统筹和第三次全国国土调查成果的永久基本农田布局优化技术路线及布局优化原则,构建了永久基本农田生产-生态-景观综合评价指标体系,并在吉林省梅河口市进行了验证。结果表明:1)梅河口市永久基本农田优化后面积为91 680.82 hm^(2),增加1 290.69 hm^(2);质量等别为10级的耕地面积增加3523.99hm^(2)、12级耕地面积减少2324.85hm^(2);耕地连片度提高,平均图斑面积由1.91hm^(2)增至2.61 hm^(2)。优化后永久基本农田面积增加、质量提升、布局相对稳定。2)生态保护红线内的20.74 hm^(2)永久基本农田以“开天窗”形式保留,城镇开发边界内的永久基本农田划出1 388.47 hm^(2)(主要为零星破碎、生态质量较差、不稳定的永久基本农田图斑),对仍在城镇开发边界内的优质永久基本农田,以“开天窗”的形式保留,使三条控制线无交叉无重叠。3)构建的永久基本农田生产-生态-景观综合评价指标体系,将水环境风险指标作为生态功能评价二级指标,考虑了农业面源对水环境的污染风险,兼顾农田生态系统的生态调节和保护功能。该方法充分体现了保障粮食安全、保护生态环境、兼顾城市发展思路,农业、生态、城镇空间布局得到统筹优化,可为新形势下科学开展“三区三线”统筹划定及国土空间规划编制提供方法借鉴。A national scheme of “Three land spaces and three control lines” has been one of the most important strategies for land spatial planning and land policy in China. It is a high demand to delimitate the boundaries, and then implement the strategy of functional zones, particularly for the new pattern in the territorial space. In this study, a technical route and optimization principles were proposed for the permanent basic farmland layout using the overall delimitation of the “three land spaces and three control lines”. The “three land spaces and three control lines” were also efficiently delineated, in order to deal with the disunity of the base map, inconsistency, and crossing of the boundary. The Third National Land Resource Survey data and the production-ecology-landscape indicators of comprehensive quality evaluation were constructed for the permanent basic farmland. Specifically, the comprehensive quality evaluation indicators were selected using the production condition,ecological condition, and location condition of cultivated land, which were the three primary indicators. Each primary indicator included several secondary indicators, including cropland quality, planting suitability, ecological protection importance,ecological regionalization, water environment risk, and cropland contiguity. Each indicator was assigned as several classification threshold values and weights, in order to evaluate and score the cultivated land parcal. More importantly, the water environment risk was selected as the indicator, considering the risk of water pollution from the non-point source of cultivated land. A case study was finally selected in Meihekou City, Jilin Province, China. The results showed that: 1) The specific area of optimized permanent basic farmland was 91 680.82 hm^(2) with an increase of 1 290.69 hm^(2). The area of cultivated land quality at level 10 increased by 3 523.99 hm^(2), and that of level 12 decreased by 2 324.85 hm^(2). The average area of permanent basic farmland patches increased from

关 键 词：土地利用 布局优化 评价 永久基本农田 三区三线统筹 生态保护红线 城镇开发边界 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]