巴西的新自由主义、新发展主义与新法西斯主义  

Neoliberalism,Neo-developmentalism and Neo-fascism in Brazil

作　　者： 李武陶文(译) Armando Boito(State University of Campinas,Campinas 13083-896,Brazil)

机构地区：[1]坎皮纳斯州立大学,坎皮纳斯13083-896 [2]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《国家现代化建设研究》2022年第5期143-157,共15页Journal of Modernization Studies

摘　　要：本文研究巴西近期的政治历程,并特别指出了巴西经济、社会和政治现代化遭遇的困难。脱贫式的经济增长,以及劳工党政府扩大劳工权利、社会权利和性与生育权利的政策遭到保守派(大部分资产阶级和部分中产阶级)的反对。由于无法赢得总统竞选,保守主义阵营便利用司法程序非法迫害前总统卢拉·达席尔瓦,并向一种新型法西斯主义求援。面对反动势力,劳工党及其政府并不具备有组织和有效的抵御手段。这一政治发展进程表明了巴西社会强势部分的保守立场,以及进步阵营在政治上的脆弱性。使财富集中、推动巴西经济去国有化的新自由资本主义模式,仍将以牺牲民主的正常运作为代价继续维持下去。This text examines the Brazilian political process of the recent period.It highlights the difficulties for the modernization of the Brazilian economy,society and politics.The economic growth with poverty reduction,the expansion of labor,social,sexual and reproductive rights of the Workers’Party governments generated strong conservative resistance from a large part of the bourgeoisie and a part of the middle class.Unable to win the presidential election,this conservative camp resorted to a coup d’état,to the judicial and illegal persecution of former President Lula da Silva and to a new kind of fascism.The Workers’Party and its governments have not organized effective resistance against the opposition forces.This political evolution evidenced the conservatism of a powerful part of Brazilian society and the political fragility of the progressive political camp.The neoliberal capitalist model,which concentrates wealth and denationalises the Brazilian economy,continues to stand at the expense of the normal functioning of democracy.

关 键 词：巴西政治 劳工党 保守主义 民主危机 

分 类 号：D777.7[政治法律—政治学]