学龄前儿童焦虑及相关因素分析  

Analysis of anxiety and related factors among the preschool children

作　　者：贾雅雅 吴国连 谢冰洁 魏晓娟 王惠梅[2] JIA Yaya;WU Guolian;XIE Bingjie;WEI Xiaojuan;WANG Huimei(Facultyof Pediatric Medicine,Shanxi Medical University,Shanxi Taiyuan O3000l,China;Department of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital,Shanxi Taiyuan O30013,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学儿科医学系,山西太原030001 [2]山西省儿童医院发育行为儿科,山西太原030013

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2022年第12期25-33,共9页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：山西省儿童医院院内科研基金(201507)。

摘　　要：目的探讨太原市城区学龄前儿童的焦虑特点及相关因素,为学龄前焦虑的早期识别和干预提供理论依据。方法2018年9月至11月在太原市城区3所幼儿园抽取980名健康学龄前儿童参与调查,采用儿童及家庭基本情况调查表、学龄前焦虑量表、焦虑自评量表、家庭养育环境量表和婴儿—初中学生社会生活能力量表,评价学龄前儿童的焦虑情况及相关因素。结果完成有效调查的学龄前儿童共969名,其中检出焦虑阳性者158例,检出率为16.3%,其不同性别、年级间的差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为0.306、1.592,P>0.05)。除遗尿行为外,焦虑组的各行为问题检出率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。焦虑组儿童经常感冒、对幼儿园兴趣一般或不喜欢的检出率高于对照组(χ^(2)值分别为10.837、9.371,P<0.01)。焦虑组儿童母亲焦虑得分高于对照组(t=3.703,P<0.01);除了忽视/干涉/惩罚得分显著高于对照组(t=7.314,P<0.01),家庭养育环境量表其他各因子及社会生活能力量表各领域得分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,儿童交流差(OR=5.077,95%CI:2.281~11.302)、母亲焦虑得分越高(OR=1.039,95%CI:1.014~1.065),学龄前儿童发生焦虑的风险越高;家庭养育环境总分(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.969~0.990)和社会生活能力得分越高(OR=0.787,95%CI:0.627~0.988),儿童发生焦虑的风险越低。结论焦虑问题在学龄前儿童中较为普遍,关注儿童行为问题有助于焦虑的早期识别;学龄前焦虑与其社会生活能力、母亲焦虑、家庭养育环境密切相关,应重视家庭养育和父母心理等方面的咨询。Objective To investigate characteristics of anxiety and related factors of preschool children in Taiyuan urban areas,so as to provide a theoretical basis for early identification and intervention of preschool anxiety.Methods 980 healthy preschool children from 3 kindergartens in Taiyuan urban areas from September to November in 2018 were selected as survey subjects.Children and family basic information questionnaire(self-designed),Preschool Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Child Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire,and Normal Development of Social Skills from Infant to Junior High School Children were used to evaluate anxiety severity of the preschool children and the related factors.Results 969 preschool children were investigated effectively,among them 158 preschool children were diagnosed as anxiety,the detection rate was 16.3%,there were no significant differences between different genders and different grades in the detection rate(χ^(2)=0.306 and 1.592 respectively,both P>0.05).Except for enuresis,the detection rates of all behavioral problems in the anxiety group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).The detection rates of having frequent colds,having medium interest to even disliking staying at kindergarten of the preschool children in the anxiety group were higher than those in the control group(χ^(2)=10.837 and 9.371 respectively,both P<0.01).The score in anxiety of the mothers in the anxiety group was higher than that in the control group(t=3.703,P<0.01).Except for the scores in neglect,intervention and punishment were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=7.314,P<0.01),the scores in other factors in Child Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire and all fields in Normal Development of Social Skills from Infant to Junior High School Children were all lower than those in the anxiety group(all P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the scores in poor communication of the preschool children(OR=5.077,95%CI:2.281-11.302)and mother

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 焦虑 行为问题 家庭养育环境 社会生活能力 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]