2011至2020年北京市妇女乳腺癌筛查状况分析  

Analysis of breast cancer screening results among women in Beijing from 2011 to 2020

作　　者：魏巍[1] 张妍[1] 张月[1] 沈洁[1] 鲍成臻 韩历丽[1] WEI Wei;ZHANG Yan;ZHANG Yue;SHEN Jie;BAO Chengzhen;HAN Lili(The Affiliated Beijing Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital of Capital Medical University/Beijing Municipal Maternity and Child Health Hospital,Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院,北京100026

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2022年第12期101-107,共7页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z201100005620011)。

摘　　要：目的通过分析北京市2011年至2020年适龄妇女免费乳腺癌筛查数据,了解北京市乳腺癌筛查效果及潜在意义。方法分析北京市两癌筛查信息系统中5个周期(2011年至2020年)内共16个区上报的免费乳腺癌筛查数据,比较各筛查周期的筛查覆盖率、乳腺癌筛查知识知晓情况和乳腺癌及癌前病变检出情况。结果北京市5个周期的乳腺癌筛查覆盖率由20.24%下降至13.06%(Z=-213.54,P<0.001);乳腺癌筛查知识的总知晓率水平保持在95%以上,但核心区及生态涵养区以部分知晓率提高为主,而全知晓率占比较低;乳腺癌检出率由第一周期的28.54/10万上升至第五周期的82.41/10万(Z=10.00,P<0.001),且该趋势在各板块间保持一致;而癌前病变检出率在前四个周期中逐步下降,但第五周期检出率显著提高至20.66/10万(χ^(2)=67.40,P<0.001)。根据TNM分期计算的早期乳腺癌占比为76.42%~82.62%。结论北京市2011至2020年五个周期的乳腺癌、癌前病变检出率显著提高,但仍存在筛查覆盖率和全知晓率不足、各区筛查知识普及疾病检出水平不均衡等问题。Objective To analyze results of free breast cancer screening in Beijing from 2011 to 2020,so as to learn effects and potential significance of breast cancer screening.Methods Data of breast cancer screening from 2011 to 2020(Five-period)were downloaded from Beijing Screening Information System for Cervical and Breast Cancer,which were reported annually by 16 districts in Beijing.These data were further analyzed for comparison of breast cancer screening coverage rates,awareness rates,and detection rates of breast cancer and precancerous lesions among the five periods.Results The coverage rate of breast cancer screening in Beijing dropped from 20.24%in the first period to 13.06%in the fifth period(Z=-213.54,P<0.001).In the five periods,the total awareness rates of breast cancer screening kept 95%and above.But in the core urban areas and ecological protection areas,improvement in partial awareness rates was shown mainly,while the thorough awareness rates were still relatively low.The detection rate of breast cancer increased from 28.54/100000 in the first period to 82.41/100000 in the fifth period(Z=10.00,P<0.001),and this upward trend was consistent in all districts.While the detection rate of precancerous lesions decreased gradually in the first four periods,but it increased significantly up to 20.66/100000 in the fifth period(χ^(2)=67.40,P<0.001).The early diagnosis rates of breast cancer accounted for 76.42%-82.62%in five periods by TNM staging.Conclusion Free breast cancer screening in Beijing has shown great progress in the past decade.The detection rates of breast cancer and precancerous lesions have significantly increased.However,more attention should be paid to screening coverage rate,thorough awareness rate,and imbalances in screening knowledge popularization and disease detection level among different districts.

关 键 词：乳腺癌 筛查 知晓率 疾病预防 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]