长秧龄条件下施氮量对杂交稻分蘖特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Tillering Characteristics and Yield of Hybrid Rice with Long Seedling Age

作　　者：阿什日轨 张荣萍[1] 周宁宁 冯婷煜 黄正 张琪 周林 ASHEN Ri-gui;ZHANG Rong-ping;ZHOU Ning-ning;FENG Ting-yu;HUANG Zheng;ZHANG Qi;ZHOU Lin(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2022年第6期97-103,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301706);四川省科技成果转移转化示范项目(2022ZHCG0106)。

摘　　要：为探明长秧龄条件下施氮量对杂交稻分蘖特性和产量的影响,采用大田两因素裂区试验进行了研究,主区为不同施氮量,分别为低氮(T1,135.0 kg/hm^(2))、中氮(T2,180.0 kg/hm^(2))和高氮(T3,225.0 kg/hm^(2)),副区为10个两系杂交稻品种和10个三系杂交稻品种。结果表明,长秧龄条件下,随施氮量的增加,两类杂交稻最高苗数均增加,成穗率下降,有效穗增加。两系杂交稻在高氮处理下产量最高(9.96~10.43 t/hm^(2));三系杂交稻除少部分品种外,其他品种均在中氮处理下产量最高。有效穗是影响产量的重要因素。综上,在本试验条件下,两系杂交稻适宜施氮量为180.0~225.0 kg/hm^(2),三系杂交稻适宜施氮量为180.0 kg/hm^(2)。杂交稻长秧龄迟栽搭配合理施氮能有效提高其分蘖能力,两系杂交稻对高氮的耐受性优于三系杂交稻。To clarify the effects of nitrogen rate on tillering characteristics and yield of hybrid rice under the conditions of long seedling age,a field experiment was conducted by way of the two-factor split-plot design.The main plot was divided into three nitrogen rates,including low nitrogen (T1,135.0 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen (T2,180.0 kg/hm^(2)) and high nitrogen (T3,225.0 kg/hm^(2)).There were 10 two-line hybrid rice varieties and 10 three-line hybrid rice varieties in the sub-plots.The results showed that under the conditions of long seedling age,the maximal number of shoots increased,the panicle-bearing tiller rate decreased and the number of effective panicles increased with the increase of nitrogen rate.The yield of two-line hybrid rice was the highest (9.96~10.43 t/hm^(2)) under the high nitrogen treatment.Except for a few varieties,the yield of three-line hybrid rice was the highest under the medium nitrogen treatment.The number of effective panicles is an important factor affecting yield.In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,the optimal nitrogen rate is 180.0~225.0 kg/hm^(2) for two-line hybrid rice,and 180.0 kg/hm^(2) for three-line hybrid rice.The tillering ability of hybrid rice could be effectively improved by late transplanting with long seedling age and reasonable nitrogen application,and the tolerance of two-line hybrid rice to high nitrogen was better than that of three-line hybrid rice.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 长龄秧 施氮水平 分蘖特性 产量 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318