重引入地生境对普氏野马胃肠道寄生虫疾病感染的风险评估  

Risk Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Disease Infection in Reintroduced Habitats of Przewalski’s Horse

作　　者：熊宇 闫利平 唐丽萍 周智超 王晓婷 何伦 浩仁塔本 菊花 胡德夫[1] 张东[1] XIONG Yu;YAN Li-Ping;TANG Li-Ping;ZHOU Zhi-Chao;WANG Xiao-Ting;HE Lun;HAOREN Taben;JU Hua;HU De-Fu;ZHANG Dong(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100086;China Wildlife Conservation Association,Beijing 100714;Inner Mongolia Daqingshan National Nature Reserve Administration,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100086 [2]中国野生动物保护协会,北京100714 [3]内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区管理局,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2022年第6期866-879,共14页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：北京林业大学杰出青年人才培育计划项目(No.2019JQ0318);国家林业和草原局委托项目(No.DGJHT2020044);。

摘　　要：野生动物重引入是保护濒危种群的重要措施之一,但重引入放归地存在的疾病风险会影响重引入物种的健康并导致重引入项目的失败。疾病风险评估是用于识别、确定风险因子优先级和设计防控策略以应对风险的重要方法。为评估普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)重引入内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区的疾病风险,本研究在传统文献研究的基础上,结合保护区内4个村庄83份家养马科动物粪便中寄生虫卵检测结果,进行专家赋分,确定威胁因子并评级,对影响普氏野马种群健康重要因素之一的寄生虫疾病进行风险评估,并提出相应的防控建议。本研究共确定了44种胃肠道寄生虫疾病,病原体分别隶属于5纲7目8科19属;其中高风险寄生虫疾病10种,中风险13种,低风险21种。小井村、奎素村和滴水村均为低风险区域,而厂汉脑包村属于高风险区域。重引入地周围的家马(E.caballus)和家驴(E.asinus)有与放归普氏野马交叉感染寄生虫的风险,但经严格的防控措施后,可以放归普氏野马。建议保护区内村庄限定家养马科动物活动范围,定期为家畜驱虫并清理圈舍,严格实行禁牧政策,增设远离村庄的普氏野马水源地,并对放归后普氏野马种群的寄生虫疾病进行长期监测与防控,从而有效防止寄生虫疾病的发生和传播。[Objectives]Wildlife reintroduction is an important means of protecting endangered populations,but the risk of disease at the release site may affect the health of the introduced species,leading to the failure of reintroduction projects.Disease risk assessment(DRA)is used to identify,prioritize,and design mitigation strategies to address these risks.The purpose of this study was to assess the gastrointestinal parasitic diseases risk of Przewalski’s Horse(Equus przewalskii)reintroduced to the Inner Mongolia Daqingshan National Nature Reserve for the first time,and put forward corresponding prevention and control suggestions.[Methods]On the basis of traditional literature research and combined with field investigation results,this study conducted the expert review,identified,and rated the threat factors,and assessed the risk assessment of parasitic diseases,one of the important factors affecting the health of Przewalski’s Horse population in China.Among them,the field investigation clarified the infection intensity of the eggs,and the molecular identification of the parasite species was carried out by metabarcoding.The taxonomy of each OTU representative sequence was analyzed by BLAST against the Nematode ITS2 v.1.0.0 database using confidence threshold of 0.97.The results of the field survey,such as the distance from the release site,infection rate,infection intensity,and parasite species,were used as the basis for assigning points.[Results]A total of 44 parasites were identified,belonging to 5 classes,7 orders,8 families,and 19 genera,causing 10 high-risk parasitic diseases,13 medium-risk parasitic diseases,and 21 low-risk parasitic diseases(Appendix 3).The domestic horses and donkeys in the reintroduction site carried Parascaris equorum,Cylicocyclus nassatus,Cylicostephanus longibursatus,and Cylicostephanus goldi,which are at higher risk of disease in Przewalski's Horse(Table 3).Xiaojing Village,Kuisu Village.and Dishui Village were all low-risk areas,while Changhan Naobao Village was not banned for grazing

关 键 词：重引入 疾病风险评估 普氏野马 寄生虫 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]