高温过饱和硝酸铵溶液的爆炸危险性分析  

Explosion Risk Analysis of Supersaturated at High Temperature Ammonium Nitrate Solution

作　　者：韩慧雯 刘静平[1,2] 王旭 徐森[1,2] HAN Huiwen;LIU Jingping;WANG Xu;XU Sen(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Nanjing,210094;China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials,Jiangsu Nanjing,210094)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京ꎬ210094 [2]国家民用爆破器材质量监督检测中心,江苏南京ꎬ210094

出　　处：《爆破器材》2023年第1期37-43,共7页Explosive Materials

基　　金：JCJQ领域基金(0419)。

摘　　要：为了研究过饱和硝酸铵(AN)溶液的爆炸特性,采用联合国隔板试验研究了不同状态过饱和AN溶液的爆轰特性。结果显示:对于常温过饱和AN溶液,当w(水)≤4%时,在联合国隔板试验1(a)中,试验后钢管完全破裂或验证板发生穿孔,即样品能传播爆轰;在联合国隔板试验2(a)中,试验后钢管部分撕裂或保持完好,验证板轻微变形,有大量样品残余,显示样品对爆炸冲击波刺激不敏感。对于140℃过饱和AN溶液,在联合国隔板试验2(a)中,当w(水)≤3.0%时,试验后样品钢管完全破碎,验证板穿孔,即样品在该试验条件下对爆炸冲击波作用敏感,表明过饱和AN溶液具有爆炸性,且温度升高会显著提高其爆炸危险性。To investigate the explosion characteristics of supersaturated ammonium nitrate solution, detonation cha-racteristics of supersaturated ammonium nitrate solutions in different states were studied by using the United Nations(UN) gap test. For the supersaturated ammonium nitrate solution at room temperature, in the UN gap teat 1(a), when mass fraction of water is less than 4%, the steel tubes are completely broken or the verification plates are perforated after the tests, that is, the samples can transmit detonation. In the UN gap teat 2(a), the steel tubes are partially torn or keep intact after the tests, the verification plates is slightly deformed, and a large number of samples remained, indicating that the samples are not sensitive to the stimulation of explosion shock wave. For the supersaturated ammonium nitrate solution at 140 ℃, in the UN gap teat 2(a), when mass fraction of water is less than 3%, the steel tubes are completely broken and the verification plates are perforated after the tests, that is, the samples are sensitive to the action of explosion shock wave under such test conditions. It indicates that the ammonium nitrate supersaturated solution is explosive, and the increase of temperature will significantly increase its explosion risk.

关 键 词：硝酸铵 水溶液 温度 冲击波感度 隔板试验 安全 爆炸 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]