航天失重对人体的生理影响及对抗研究进展  

Advances in physiological effects of space weightlessness on human body and its countermeasures

作　　者：吕松泽 李小涛[1] 王惠娟[2] 王颜晴[2] 张剑锋[2] 刘书娟[2] LYU Songze;LI Xiaotao;WANG Huijuan;WANG Yanqing;ZHANG Jianfeng;LIU Shujuan(Civil-Military Integration Innovation Research Institute of Special Environmental Physiology and Conditioning,Xidian University,Xi'an 710126,China;State Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine and Application,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学特殊环境生理与体能训练军民融合创新研究中心,陕西西安710126 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2022年第1期86-90,共5页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：载人航天工程空间站航天医学实验领域资助项目(HYZHXM01001);航天医学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SMFA19K07);中央直属高校基本科研业务费资助项目(RW210416);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(20YJA890013);陕西省自然科学基础科学研究计划面上项目(2018JM7088)。

摘　　要：长期航天飞行面临的失重可威胁航天员的健康和安全,导致人体前庭和血管功能下降、骨质丢失、肌肉结构改变。当前空间站主要采取以运动锻炼为主的失重对抗策略,其中有氧锻炼可在一定程度上缓解肌肉萎缩,抗阻锻炼结合药物服用能在一定程度上对抗肌肉和骨质丢失,但两者均不能去除失重导致的所有不利影响,且耗时较多,消耗资源过多。近期有关太空神经视觉综合征等神经系统损伤的发现也给失重防护提出新的挑战。未来基于运动锻炼的失重对抗方案仍需进一步优化,基于下体负压和血流限制的对抗措施可作为当前失重对抗策略的有效补充。或许运动锻炼结合下体负压或血流限制可达到更好的对抗失重的防护效果。Weightlessness in long-term space flight can threaten the health and safety of astronauts, leading to the decline of human vestibular and vascular function as well as bone loss and muscle structure change. At present, the space station mainly adopts the weightlessness confrontation strategy based on exercise, in which aerobic exercise can alleviate muscle atrophy to a certain extent, and resistance exercise combined with medication can resist the loss of muscle and bone to a certain extent. But neither of them can remove all the adverse effects caused by weightlessness, which takes more time and consumes too many resources. The recent discovery of nervous system damages such as spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome also pose a new challenge to weightlessness protection. The weightlessness countermeasure scheme based on exercise needs to be further optimized in the future. The countermeasure based on lower body negative pressure and blood flow restriction can be an effective supplement to the current weightlessness countermeasure strategy. Perhaps exercise combined with lower body negative pressure or blood flow restriction can achieve a better protective effect against weightlessness.

关 键 词：航天飞行 心血管 骨质丢失 肌肉萎缩 失重防护 

分 类 号：R852.22[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]