基于轨迹一致性检测的空间碎片天基识别方法  

Space-based identification method for space debris based on trajectory consistency detection

作　　者：雷韫璠 王龙[1] 钟红军 张辉[1] 武延鹏[1] Lei Yunfan;Wang Long;Zhong Hongjun;Zhang Hui;Wu Yanpeng(Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China;DFH Satellite Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京控制工程研究所,北京100190 [2]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2022年第11期263-272,共10页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：科工局民用航天(KJSP2020020203)。

摘　　要：针对空间碎片天基观测量与编目数据库在轨关联难题,建立天基光学相机对空间碎片的观测模型,分析在轨应用环境对观测信息的影响,基于碎片轨迹一致性检测设计识别方法。为适应在轨应用的需求,提出了DTW与轨迹形貌差异量化检验融合的空间碎片识别方法。首先,依据DTW原理筛选出与待检测真实轨迹形貌最接近的预报轨迹;进一步,将初选相似轨迹之间的形貌差异量化为轨迹间总误差的标准差;最后,通过统计量检验实现轨迹一致性确认,轨迹一致则碎片成功识别。对所提出方法与轨迹直线拟合参数误差检验识别法进行碎片识别稳定性的仿真与实验对比。结果表明:DTW与轨迹形貌差异量化检验融合识别法是一种更稳定的碎片识别方法,对仿真及实验中的全部碎片及低轨卫星均能实现稳定识别,较轨迹直线拟合参数误差检验识别法稳定性明显提升。文中提出方法具有不受碎片运动特性、观测环境等因素影响的特点,可在卫星感知与防护领域广泛应用。Aiming at on-orbit correlation between space-based observations and cataloging of space debris,observation model of space-based optical cameras for debris was established,the impact of on-orbit environment on observations was analyzed,furthermore,a space debris identification method based on trajectory consistency detection was designed.In order to satisfy the applications on-orbit,a debris identification method,fusion of DTW and trajectory topography difference quantification,was proposed.Firstly,using DTW to screen out one predicted trajectory which is closest to the real trajectory;Further,quantifying the morphology difference between the closest trajectories found in the first step as the standard deviation of the total error between them;Finally,using statistical testing to confirm the consistency between the two trajectories.The two trajectories were consistent means that the debris was identified successfully.The comparison of the stability between the method proposed in this paper and the method based on trajectory line fitting and parameter error testing was carried out,and the results demonstrate that,method based on fusion of DTW and trajectory topography difference quantification is the more stable method,and the stability is improved by 56.5%compared with another method.The method proposed in this paper is not being affected by the factors such as debris motion characteristics and observation environment,and can be widely used in satellite perception and protection.

关 键 词：空间碎片 天基观测 轨迹一致性检测 统计量检验 

分 类 号：P41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]