梳摆式荔枝采收模拟与优化设计  

Simulation and Optimization Design of Column-comb Litchi Harvesting

作　　者：李灿 黄卓朗 林嘉铨 李君[1,2] Li Can;Huang Zhuolang;Lin Jiaquan;Li Jun(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广东广州510642 [2]南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《现代农业装备》2022年第6期45-53,共9页Modern Agricultural Equipment

基　　金：国家荔枝产业技术体系项目(CARS-32);广东省农业科学院乡村振兴战略专项(TS-1-4);广东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(2021KJ123)。

摘　　要：针对我国荔枝人工采摘劳动强度大、作业效率低,加工果亟需机械化采收的问题,设计了一种梳摆式荔枝采收机。运用EDEM离散元模拟荔枝梳刷采收过程,对伸缩可展式收集装置进行了模态分析和优化设计,验证倒伞状收集装置的收集效果,并进行了田间荔枝采收试验。结果表明,杆件宽度和厚度对结构固有频率和刚度影响显著,是收集机构发生共振失效的主要影响因素。当杆件宽度W为21 mm,厚度T为21 mm时,收集机构变形位移较小,且整体质量减轻2.56 kg。在优选作业参数条件下,收集装置荔枝承接率为94.10%,损伤率为14.85%。田间试验表明,在梳摆频率为19 Hz,梳棒间距为100 mm,梳棒重合度为60%的优选工作参数组合下,荔枝采收机收集装置的荔枝承接率为92.86%,损伤率为8.31%,基本与仿真相符,本研究为荔枝采收机械的设计与优化提供一定的理论参考。As a crop with nutritive and economic value, mechanized harvesting of litchi has become an important safeguard measure to support the modern litchi industry to save cost and increase income. Aiming at the problem of mechanized harvesting of litchi processing varieties in china, the column-comb litchi harvester was designed. To study the collection effect of the umbrella-shaped collection mechanism, the discrete element analysis software was used to simulate the harvesting process. The finite element analysis software was used to carry out the modal analysis, statics research and optimization design of the flexible collection mechanism.The results showed that the acceptance rate of the collection organization was 94.10%, and the damage rate was 14.85% in the optimal operation parameters. The width and thickness of the members had significant effects on the natural frequency and stiffness of the structure separately, which were the main influencing factors for the resonance failure of the collector. When the width of the member W was 21 mm and the thickness T was 21 mm,the deformation displacement of the collector was small, and the overall mass was reduced by 2.56 kg. The field experiment showed that under the optimal working parameter combination of column-comb frequency of 19Hz, column-comb rod spacing of 100 mm and column-comb rod blending degree of 60%, the litchi acceptance rate and damage rate of the litchi harvester collection device were 92.86% and 8.31%, and the test value was basically consistent with the simulation value. This study can provide reference for the design and optimization of litchi harvester.

关 键 词：荔枝 梳摆式采收 EDEM模拟 优化设计 试验 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]