鸢尾炭疽病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Anthracnose Pathogen of Iris tectorum

作　　者：王成彬 姜宁 薛寒 朴春根[1] 李永[1] Wang Chengbin;Jiang Ning;Xue Han;Piao Chungen;Li Yong(Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2022年第4期94-102,共9页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2018ZB001)。

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定引起鸢尾(Iris tectorum)炭疽病的病原,测定其生物学特性,为该病害的防控提供依据。【方法】从北京、河北、山东等地采集鸢尾炭疽病叶片标本并进行病原菌的分离,通过菌丝块有伤接种离体鸢尾叶片验证分离菌株的致病性,根据形态学结合多基因联合分子系统学分析(ITS-gapdh-chs-1-act-tub2)进行分离菌株种类鉴定,最后对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究。【结果】自北京、河北、山东等地采集的鸢尾病叶上分离得到53株刺盘孢菌株,采用菌株CFCC 57497、CFCC 57498和CFCC 57499有伤接种鸢尾叶片3 d后,在叶片上表现出黄褐色病斑,再分离得到的病原菌与原接种病原菌相同。系统发育进化树结果表明,分离菌株和白蜡树刺盘孢(Colletotrichum spaethianum)聚集在一支;形态学鉴定结果表明,菌株分生孢子单胞,较直或者弯曲,无色,18–24.5×4–5.3μm;附着胞褐色,形状不规则,7–11×5–8μm,符合白蜡树刺盘孢的基本特征。因此确定引起鸢尾炭疽病的病原菌为白蜡树刺盘孢。菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,pH值为5~7,碳源为蔗糖,氮源为牛肉浸粉。【结论】研究揭示了鸢尾炭疽病的病原真菌为白蜡树刺盘孢,其菌丝生长会受到温度、pH值、碳源和氮源等多种因素影响,这是由白蜡树刺盘孢导致鸢尾炭疽病的初次报道,为病害防治提供重要证据。【Objective】To identify the pathogen of Iris tectorum anthracnose and understand its biological characteristics,so as to provide a reference of disease control.【Methods】Diseased I.tectorum leaves were collected from Beijing,Hebei Province and Shandong Province and were used to isolate the causal agent.The pathogenicity of isolates were confirmed by inculcated mycelium plugs on wounded and detached I.tectorum leaves.Isolates were identified to species level based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses(ITS-gapdh-chs-1-act-tub2).【Result】Fifty-three Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from I.tectorum diseased leaves in Beijing,Hebei Province and Shandong Province.After inoculated isolates CFCC 57497,CFCC 57498 and CFCC 57499 on wounded and detached leaves 3 days,yellow lesions were appeared on leaves,and isolates could re-isolated from those lesions and identified as the inoculated strains.Based on the multi-locus sequences phylogenetic tree,isolates formed a highly supported lineage with C.spaethianum.Morphologically,conidia unicellular,hyaline,straight or curved,18–24.5×4–5.3μm,appressoria,brown,irregularly shaped,7–11×5–8μm,consistent with basic features of C.spaethianum.Therefore,C.spaethianum was identified as the pathogen of I.tectorum anthracnose.The most suitable temperature for mycelial growth of C.spaethianum was 25°C,pH-value was 5~7,the carbon source was sucrose,and the nitrogen source was beef extract.【Conclusion】The study revealed that the C.spaethianum as the causal agent of I.tectorum anthracnose,and its mycelial growth is affected by various factors such as temperature,pH,carbon and nitrogen source,etc.Thus,this is the first study of C.spaethianum associated with I.tectorum anthracnose and will provide important evidence for disease control.

关 键 词：白蜡树刺盘孢 系统发育学 形态学 生物学特性 致病性 

分 类 号：S718.8[农业科学—林学]