昆明市奶牛部分饲料霉菌毒素污染状况调查  

Investigation on Mycotoxin Pollution in Dairy Cow Feed in Kunming

作　　者：杜江 冯俊 周亚平 刘琴 张任华 和潇 谢丽韫 张泉鹏 彭洪新 DU Jiang;FENG Jun;ZHOU Yaping;LIU Qin;ZHANG Renhua;HE Xiao;XIE Liyun;ZHANG Quanpeng;PENG Hongxin(Songming County Animal Husbandry and Fishery Development Center,Songming Yunnan 651700;Kunming Guandu District Xiaobanqiao Sub District Urban Management Comprehensive Service Center,Kunming Yunnan 650299;Kunming Institute of Animal Health Supervision,Kunming Yunnan 650041)

机构地区：[1]嵩明县畜牧渔业发展中心,云南嵩明651700 [2]昆明市官渡区小板桥街道城市管理综合服务中心,云南昆明650299 [3]昆明市动物卫生监督所,云南昆明650041

出　　处：《中国乳业》2022年第11期53-57,共5页China Dairy

摘　　要：[目的]为掌握昆明市部分奶牛饲料霉菌毒素污染状况,采集了昆明市部分奶牛场(养殖小区)的饲用玉米面、全株玉米青贮,全混合日粮(TMR)共80批次进行分析。[方法]采用酶联免疫吸附试剂盒测定80批饲料中黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA),玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、伏马毒素(FB_(1)+FB_(2))、T-2毒素、呕吐毒素(DON)6种霉菌毒素含量,超标情况按照《GB 13078—2017饲料卫生标准》判定。[结果]玉米面中ZEN检出率88.2%,平均值为(1047.2±935.5)μg/kg,超标率达到76.4%;DON检出率82.3%,平均值为(1375.2±635.2)μg/kg,FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)检出率35.3%,平均值为(277.4±490.9)μg/kg,AFB_(1)检出率为35.3%,平均值为(8.6±2.9)μg/kg;OTA、T-2毒素均未检出。TMR中DON检出率25%,平均值为(1047.2±935.5)μg/kg,AFB_(1)检出率为16.7%,平均值为(2.3±1.2)μg/kg,ZEN检出率16.7%,平均值(120.1±112.6)μg/kg,均未超标;OTA、T-2毒素、FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)均未检出。全株玉米青贮饲料中DON检出率47.1%,平均值为(1375.2±635.2)μg/kg,ZEN检出率为29.4%,平均值为(142.5±191.1)μg/kg,均未超标;AFB_(1)、OTA、T-2毒素、FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)均未检出。[结论]霉菌毒素检出率:DON>ZEN>AFB_(1)>FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)>T-2毒素和OTA;污染程度:玉米面>全株玉米青贮>TMR。三类饲料中霉菌毒素都有不同程度的污染,其中玉米面霉菌毒素污染风险最大,在运输、存储、使用时要予以高度关注,避免造成经济损失。[Objective]In order to understand the mycotoxin contamination of feed for some dairy cows in Kunming,80 batches of feed corn flour,whole corn silage and total mixed ration(TMR)were collected from some dairy farms(breeding areas)in Kunming for analysis.[Methods]Six mycotoxins,including aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),ochratoxin A(OTA),zearalenone(ZEN),fumotoxin(FB_(1)+FB_(2)),T-2 toxin and vomiting toxin(DON),were determined in 80 batches of feed with ELISA kit.The excessive level was determined according to the Hygienical standard for feeds(GB 13078-2017).[Result]The detection rate of ZEN in corn flour was 88.2%,with an average of(1047.2±935.5)μg/kg,the exceeding standard rate reached 76.4%.The detection rate of DON was 82.3%,the average value was(1375.2±635.2)μg/kg,the detection rate of FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)was 35.3%,and the average value was(277.4±490.9)μg/kg,the detection rate of AFB_(1)was 35.3%,and the average value was(8.6±2.9)μg/kg,OTA and T-2 toxin were not detected.The detection rate of DON in TMR was 25%,and the average value was(1047.2±935.5)μg/kg,the detection rate of AFB_(1)was 16.7%,the average value was(2.3±1.2)μg/kg,ZEN detection rate 16.7%,mean value(120.1±112.6)μg/kg,not exceeding the standard,OTA,T-2 toxin,FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)were not detected.The detection rate of DON in whole feed corn silage was 47.1%,and the average value was(1375.2±635.2)μg/kg,the detection rate of ZEN was 29.4%,and the average value was(142.5±191.1)μg/kg,not exceeding the standard.AFB_(1),OTA,T-2 toxin,FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)were not detected.[Conclusion]Mycotoxin detection rate:DON>ZEN>AFB_(1)>FB_(1)+FB_(2)+FB_(3)>T-2 toxin and OTA.Pollution degree:corn flour>whole corn silage>TMR.Mycotoxins in the three types of feed are polluted,among which the risk of mycotoxin pollution in corn flour is the largest.Great attention should be paid to its transportation,storage and use to avoid economic losses.

关 键 词：奶牛 部分饲料 霉菌污染状况 调查 

分 类 号：S816.17[农业科学—饲料科学]