炭黑在异戊橡胶中的分散及其对动静态性能的影响  

Dispersion of Carbon Black in Isoprene Rubber and Its Static and Dynamic Properties

作　　者：吕永鹏 王玉阁 谷倩倩 张之材 肖建数 尹园[1] 孙洪国[1] 郑雅芳 孙昭艳[1,2] LYU Yong-Peng;WANG Yu-Ge;GU Qian-Qian;ZHANG Zhi-Cai;XIAO Jian-Shu;YIN Yuan;SUN Hong-Guo;ZHENG Ya-Fang;SUN Zhao-Yan(State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China;School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室,长春130022 [2]中国科学技术大学应用化学与工程学院,合肥230026

出　　处：《应用化学》2022年第12期1842-1853,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(No.21790344)资助。

摘　　要：橡胶在使用时往往需要在生胶中加入填料颗粒以提高其力学强度,填料在橡胶中的分散状态对其使用性能有显著影响。为了明晰填料分散状态对橡胶动静态性能的影响规律,设计了不同的胶料混炼工艺,进而获得具有不同分散程度的橡胶材料,并对其分散等级、颗粒聚集体尺寸分布、胶料硫化性质、橡胶拉伸以及疲劳等性质进行了系统研究。结果表明,在所研究的密炼时间4~16 min范围内,随着密炼时间的延长,填料在基体中的分散度等级有较大程度的提高,密炼时间为16 min时填料分散等级达到了8.1级,胶料的门尼粘度下降显著,但胶料的拉伸性能变化不明显,而动态疲劳性能得以显著改善。随着开炼包辊时间的延长,填料在基体中的分散度等级呈先升高后降低的趋势,橡胶的动态疲劳性能也先升高后降低,当开炼包辊时间为20 min时,硫化胶的伸张疲劳寿命达到4×10~4次,继续延长包辊时间硫化胶的伸张疲劳寿命下降至2.3×10~4次;但是胶料整体的拉伸性能变化不明显。由此可见,通过调整混炼工艺可以改善填料在橡胶基体中的分散状态,进而提高胶料的疲劳性能。It is necessary to add some fillers into raw rubber to enhance the performance of rubber materials.It is well known that the distribution and dispersion of fillers have a great effect on the mechanical properties of rubber. To understand the relationship between dispersion of fillers and the mechanical properties of rubber,different mixing processes are performed,and then the rubber materials with different dispersion states of fillers are obtained. Moreover,the dispersion grade of fillers,the agglomerate size distribution,the vulcanization property,the tension and fatigue properties of different rubbers are investigated. It is seen that the dispersion grade increases and the Mooney viscosity decreases with increasing internal mixing time from 4 to 16 min. When the internal mixing time is 16 min,the dispersion grade reaches 8. 1. However,the tension property of different rubbers only shows little difference. Astonishingly,the fatigue life is greatly enhanced with increasing internal mixing time. Similar results are found when changing the roll banding time of rubber.It is seen that,with increasing roll banding time,the dispersion of fillers increases first and then decreases,and then the fatigue life greatly increases first and then falls down although the tension property only shows little difference. When the roll banding time is 20 min,the fatigue life reaches 4×10~4 times,and the fatigue life decreases to 2. 3×10~4 times when further increasing the roll banding time. This implies that the mixing process can be used to modulate the dispersion state of fillers in rubber,and then changes the fatigue property of rubber.

关 键 词：异戊橡胶 炭黑分散 疲劳性能 混炼工艺 

分 类 号：O631[理学—高分子化学]