复合动植物蛋白替代鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对大口黑鲈生长性能、体组成、营养物质表观消化率及氮磷排放的影响  

Effects of Phytase Supplementation in the Diet of Fish Meal Replaced by Compounded Animal and Plant Protein Feeds on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions of Micropterus Salmoides

作　　者：牛小天[1] THOBELA Louis Tyasi 陈秀梅[1] 孔祎迪 邹记兴 彭雷 王桂芹[1] NIU Xiaotian;THOBELA Louis Tyasi;CHEN Xiumei;KONG Yidi;ZOU Jixing;PENG Lei;WANG Guiqin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Changchun 130118,China;Limpopo University,Limpopo Polokwane 0727,South Africa;College of Marine Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510642,China;Liaoning Keda Feed Co.,Ltd.,Liaoning Shenyang 110200,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春130118 [2]林波波大学,林波波波罗克瓦尼0727 [3]华南农业大学海洋学院,广东广州510642 [4]辽宁省克达饲料有限公司,辽宁沈阳110200

出　　处：《饲料工业》2022年第24期39-48,共10页Feed Industry

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目[20200402051NC];现代农业产业技术体系专项[CARS-46]。

摘　　要：为研究复合动植物蛋白替代鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对大口黑鲈生长性能、体组成、营养物质表观消化率及氮磷排放等指标的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,在基础饲料[对照组(T0组)]中利用复合动植物蛋白(虾粉、禽副产品粉、发酵豆粕、花生粕和谷朊粉)替代鱼粉,替代水平分别为30%、40%和50%;再设置3个植酸酶添加水平,为0.01%、0.02%和0.03%,共计9组(T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8组和T9组)试验饲料。用该10组等氮(47.50%)等能(19.33 MJ/kg)饲料分别饱食投喂初始体重为(14.70±0.06)g的大口黑鲈60 d。结果显示:(1)植酸酶水平与复合动植物蛋白替代鱼粉水平的交互作用对大口黑鲈的生长性能、形体指标、体组成、营养物质沉积率、表观消化率及总氮和总磷的排放量均无显著影响。(2)植酸酶水平对大口黑鲈的形体指标无显著性影响,但T5、T8组和T9组的大口黑鲈末均体重、增重率、特定生长率、粗蛋白含量、磷含量、粗蛋白沉积率、磷沉积率、营养物质表观消化率均显著高于T0组(P<0.05),总氮和总磷排放量均显著低于T0组(P<0.05)。(3)替代鱼粉水平对大口黑鲈的生长性能、营养物质沉积率、表观消化率、总氮和总磷排放量均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。但T0、T1、T2、T4、T5、T7组和T8组的脏体比均显著低于T3、T6组和T9组(P<0.05)。本试验条件下,配合饲料中复合动植物蛋白替代40%鱼粉并添加0.02%~0.03%植酸酶能够改善大口黑鲈的生长性能、形体指标、体组成、营养物质沉积率、表观消化率和氮磷的排放量。The purpose of this papor was to investigated the effects of phytase supplementation in the diet of fish meal replaced by compounded animal and plant protein feeds on growth performance, body composition, apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of Micropterus Salmoides. This research adopted the2 × 3 double factor experiment design. The diets for the nine exporimental groups(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9) were prepared with three phytase supplemental levels of 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% and three fish meal replacement levels of 30%, 40%,50% with compound animal and plant protein feeds(shrimp meal, poultry by-product meal, fermented soybean meal, peanut meal and wheat gluten meal) in the basal diet [control group(T0)], respectively. Micropterus salmoides with an imitial body weight of [(14.70±0.06) g] were fed with the the isonitrogen(47.50%)and isoenergy(19.33 MJ/kg) ten diets for 60 days, respectively. The results showed:(1) There was no interaction between phytase level and replacement level of the fish meal with complex animal and plant protein source on growth performance, body composition, retention efficiencies of nutrients, apparent digestibility,total waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus of Micropterus salmoides.(2) Phytase levels had no significant effects on the body size indices of fish, but the final average body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, crude protein content, phosphorus content, crude protein deposition rate, phosphorus deposition rate, nutrient apparent digestibility of T5, T8 group and T9 group were significantly higher than those of T0 group(P<0.05), total waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly lower than those of T0 group(P<0.05).(3) The fish meal replacement level had no significant effects on growth performance,retention efficiencies of nutrients, apparent digestibility, total waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus.However, the viscerosomatic index of T0, T1, T2, T4, T5, T7 group and T8 group was significantly l

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 复合动植物蛋白质饲料 植酸酶 生长性能 氮磷排放 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]