草食动物肠道厌氧真菌分离培养技术及其在农牧业的应用现状  

Isolation and Cultivation Technology of Anaerobic Gut Fungi of Herbivores and Its Application Status in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

作　　者：杨闯 郭勇庆 王明月 高冲亚 孙宝丽[1] YANG Chuang;GUO Yongqing;WANG Mingyue;GAO Chongya;SUN Baoli(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《饲料工业》2022年第24期49-53,共5页Feed Industry

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究项目[2019B1515210020]。

摘　　要：人们对肠道厌氧真菌的认识最初仅限于瘤胃,后期在一些草食动物的肠道也发现了它们的活动,随着学者们对肠道真菌研究的深入,近年来不断有新的肠道厌氧真菌被描述。肠道厌氧真菌虽相比于生态内的细菌数量少得多,但其独特的酶学特性使得它们能够更加有效地降解植物纤维,所生成的产物对生态内其他微生物的活动也有着十分重要的意义,因此肠道厌氧真菌在草食动物胃肠道厌氧发酵过程中起着至关重要的作用,这也提示着肠道厌氧真菌具有极高的体外利用价值。然而,迄今为止肠道厌氧真菌的体外应用并不是太理想,其原因主要在于肠道厌氧真菌对氧极为敏感,使得分离与保存成为难题。因此,若想挖掘肠道厌氧真菌的应用价值,更新优化分离保存流程以及体外发酵工艺显得十分重要。文章综合叙述了肠道厌氧真菌的分离培养、形态学观察以及保存的方式,并简要叙述了肠道厌氧真菌在农牧业的应用现状与发展潜力,以期为相关研究工作提供一些帮助。People′s understanding of Anaerobic Gut Fungi was initially limited to the rumen, but their activities were also found in the intestines of herbivores latterly. With the in-depth study of Anaerobic Gut Fungi by scholars, more and more new Anaerobic Gut Fungi have been discovered in recent years. Although the number of Anaerobic Gut Fungi is much smaller than that of bacteria in the ecology, their unique enzymatic properties enable them to be more efficiency to degrade plant fibers, and the products produced are also very important for the activities of other microorganisms in the ecology. Therefore Anaerobic Gut Fungi play a vital role in the anaerobic fermentation process of the gastrointestinal tract of herbivores, which also suggests that Anaerobic Gut Fungi have extremely high application value in vitro.However, the in vitro application of Anaerobic Gut has been unsatisfactory so far. The main reason is that Anaerobic Gut Fungi are extremely sensitive to oxygen, which makes separation and preservation difficult. Therefore, to tap the application value of Anaerobic Gut Fungi, it is very important to update the separation and preservation process and optimize the in vitro fermentation process. This review comprehensively described the methods of isolation, cultivation, morphological observation and preservation of Anaerobic Gut Fungi, and briefly described the application status and development potential of Anaerobic Gut Fungi in agriculture and animal husbandry, in order to provide some help for related research work.

关 键 词：草食动物 肠道厌氧真菌 分离培养 亨氏滚管 形态学特征 

分 类 号：S816.3[农业科学—饲料科学]