泛非构造及其在中国大陆和邻区的表现  

The Pan-African event and its manifestation in the China continent and adjacent regions

作　　者：任留东[1] 王浩 REN Liudong;WANG Hao(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2023年第1期1-33,共33页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41941004);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190358,20190370,20190448,20221648,20221645)。

摘　　要：发端于非洲、进而扩展到整个冈瓦纳古陆,“泛非构造”是发生在新元古代晚期-早古生代期间、主要分布在冈瓦纳古陆范围内的构造-热事件,其表现既有陆块或板块间的缝合、碰撞,也有古老造山带的重新活化。泛非构造之后冈瓦纳得以形成,同时伴随其他大陆的裂解和全球海平面上升,并可在全球范围内形成早古生代的重要不整合。如今,中国大陆,直至亚洲、亚欧,陆续识别出一些泛非期构造的记录,如中国东北地区兴凯地块、佳木斯地块和布列亚地块,显示典型的泛非期变形-变质作用和花岗岩活动;其他一些地块和造山带亦显示泛非构造的影响,如华夏地块、塔里木地块以及青藏高原、中央造山带和中亚造山带,均有泛非期构造或事件的显示。中国境内几乎所有的早古生代造山带、部分的地块亦有泛非期事件或构造的记录。泛非期构造的影响几乎波及到了全球所有大陆,该事件的发生可能是多中心的。亚欧地区的泛非期记录可能源自冈瓦纳周缘的早期裂解、边缘陆块和造山带。泛非期构造的活动基本限于中、下地壳,可能是板内为主的一种过程,并与引张、剪切活动有关,而不限于狭义冈瓦纳内水平方向的挤压、拼贴。泛非期热事件记录或花岗岩侵位常常发生在新元古代早期片麻岩之中,并在泛非期记录之后可发生更为剧烈的加里东期构造,即加里东构造活动对泛非构造有很好的继承性。与泛非期记录有关的活动区可有相对稳定区与活动带的区分,并相间分布,两者在沉积建造、不整合性质、构造变形强度、变质作用、火山类型和岩浆作用均有显著区别。泛非构造与现代板块机制的活动密切相关。板块运动中会造成泛非构造带的俯冲、淹没或剥蚀,可能有隐藏或消失了的泛非构造带。冈瓦纳古陆内的泛非构造带容易成为后期中-新生代大陆裂解的部The Pan-African event was a tectonic-thermal event initiated in Africa and later developed to the whole Gondwana ancient continent in the period of late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic with manifestations of suturing and collisions between plates and rejuvenating of ancient orogenic belts.After the Pan-African event,the Gondwana finally consolidated and formed,accompanying the breakup of the other continents on the globe at that time,the sea level rose and resulted in important unconformities on the earth in the Cambrian.Now the Pan-African records have been widely recognized in almost all the early Paleozoic orogens,the continents of China,Asia,and even in some parts of Europe.The Khanka,Jiamusi,and Bureya blocks in NE China have shown typical Pan-African features such as high-grade metamorphism and voluminous granites.Major orogenic belts,like the Tibetan,Central orogen,and Central Asian Orogen,and blocks such as the Cathaysia block,and Tarim blocks also demonstrate the Pan-African effects.Furthermore,the event might have affected all the major continents on the earth with multiple centers.The records of the Pan-African event in Eurasia might result from the initial breakup,marginal blocks,or orogens of Gondwana.The activities in the peri-Gondwana realm were generally confined to the middle or lower crust.The event was possible an intraplate process with extensional and shear activities,but not simply horizontal compression or accretion in the Gondwana sensu stricto.Granites or demonstration of the Pan-African event can be found in granitic gneisses of the early Neoproterozoic(Grenville period).The event was followed by the stronger Caledonian movement.Most domains related to the Pan-African event can be subdivided into relatively stable regions and active zones which are alternatively distributed.They show contrasts in sedimentary formation,volcanism,un-or disconformity feature,deformation intensity,metamorphism type and grade,and magmatism activity.Pan-African orogeny has intimate relations with modern plat

关 键 词：泛非构造 格林威尔期构造 花岗岩 不整合 大陆裂解 冈瓦纳 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]