1961-2020年贵州冰雹气候特征  

Climatic characteristics of hail in Guizhou from 1961 to 2020

作　　者：罗喜平 廖波 张小娟 崔蕾 罗雄 LUO Xiping;LIAO Bo;ZHANG Xiaojuan;CUI Lei;LUO Xiong(Weather Modification Office of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550081,China;Guizhou Meteorological Service Center,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省人工影响天气办公室,贵州贵阳550081 [2]贵州省气象服务中心,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《干旱气象》2022年第6期1024-1032,共9页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般206、黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般246);贵州省气象局重要业务科研项目(黔气标合ZY〔2020〕04号);贵州省气象局研究型业务关键技术攻关团队(GGTD-202208)共同资助。

摘　　要：基于1961—2020年贵州省84个地面气象观测站的冰雹天气观测资料,分析贵州冰雹的时空分布特征,并对首末次降雹时间、冰雹直径、持续时间等开展讨论,最后提出人工防雹的建议。结果表明,贵州年平均冰雹日数空间分布不均,呈现西多东少、中部多南北少的特征;近60 a冰雹日数呈显著(P<0.01)减少趋势;每年2—5月是贵州降雹频发月份,占全年雹日的85.0%;雹日中14:00至次日02:00是降雹的多发时段;近60 a贵州冰雹首次出现的平均时间从2月下旬至5月中旬自东向西推进,而末次出现平均时间从3月下旬至7月下旬自东向西依次结束;冰雹直径以中冰雹出现的频率最大达68.9%,一次冰雹的持续时间主要集中在10 min以内。因月季变化、日变化、首末次冰雹出现时间均存在明显地域差异,各地开展防雹工作时应充分掌握本地的冰雹规律,合理安排人工防雹各项工作。Based on the hail weather observation data of 84 surface meteorological observation stations in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of hail are analyzed,the features of hail weather such as regularity of the occurrence dates of the first and last hail,hail diameter and duration of a hail are explored further.Finally,suggestions for artificial hail prevention are proposed.The results show that the spatial distribution of annual average hail days in Guizhou was uneven,there was a regional difference which is the annual average hail days is more in west than in east and the annual average hail days is more in cen⁃tral than in north and south.Hail days decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the past 60 years.The frequent months of hail in Guizhou is from February to May,accounting for 85.0%of the annual hail days,the frequent period of hail is from 14:00 BST to 02:00 BST of the next day.In past 60 years,the average time of the first hail in Guizhou starts from east to west from late February to mid May,and the last hail ends from east to west from late March to late July.The occurrence frequency of middle-diameter hail accounts for 68.9%,and the duration of a hail is mainly concentrated within 10 minutes.Due to the obvious regional differences in seasonal and diurnal varia⁃tion,and the occurrence dates of the first and last hail,local hail regularity should be fully mastered when carrying out hail prevention,and various artificial hail prevention work should be arranged reasonably.

关 键 词：冰雹 时空分布 冰雹天气特点 防雹建议 

分 类 号：P426.64[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]