容器规格、肥料类型和育苗基质对交趾黄檀苗木生长的影响  

Effects of Container Sizes,Fertilizer Type and Seedling Substrate on Growth of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Seedling

作　　者：韩东苗 梁承坚 陈安 陈水莲 程照明 谭瑞坤 赵苗菲 林宁 HAN Dongmiao;LIANG Chengjian;CHEN An;CHEN Shuilian;CHENG Zhaoming;TAN Ruikun;ZHAO Miaofei;LIN Ning(Forest Research Institution of Zhaoqing City,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526020,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆市林业科学研究所,广东肇庆526020

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2022年第5期151-157,共7页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新项目(2019KJCX041),怀集县农村科技特派员工作站。

摘　　要：为筛选适合培育交趾黄檀的育苗容器规格、肥料类型及育苗基质,探讨适合交趾黄檀Dalbergia cochinchinensis苗木分级的方法和标准,采用容器规格、肥料类型、育苗基质3因素3水平正交试验,以及常规育苗方法开展苗木培育,测定8月龄苗高(H)、地径(D)、冠幅、主根长、地上和地下部分质量、苗木高径比、茎根比及全株鲜质量,应用主成分分析法确定交趾黄檀苗木分级指标,利用逐步聚类法建立交趾黄檀苗木分级标准。结果表明:交趾黄檀苗木在6—8月之间生长最快,不同容器规格、肥料类型及育苗基质培育的交趾黄檀幼苗生长表现存在显著差异(p<0.05)。其中,表现最优的组合为A2B3C1,即15 cm×15 cm容器规格、5%有机肥、70%黄心土+30%枝叶碎渣。苗高、地径2个性状的主成分贡献率分别为68.34%、16.34%,累积方差贡献率为84.68%。因此,苗高和地径可作为8月龄交趾黄檀苗木分级指标,其苗木分级标准为:Ⅰ级苗:H≥90.4 cm,D≥0.903 cm;Ⅱ级苗:90.4 cm>H≥68.1 cm,0.903 cm>D≥0.615 cm;Ⅲ级苗:H<68.1 cm,D<0.615 cm。To screen the seedling container sizes,fertilizer types,and seedling substrates suitable for the cultivation of Dalbergia cochinchinensis,and to explore the methods and standards suitable for the classification of D.cochinchinensis seedlings,the container sizes,fertilizer types,and seedling substrates were used.Threefactor and three-level orthogonal experiments and conventional seedling methods were used to carry out seedling cultivation.The height(H),ground diameter(D),crown width,main root length,above and below ground parts quality,seedling height-diameter ratio,stem-root ratio,and fresh weight of the whole plant of 8-monthold seedlings were measured.Principal component analysis was used to determine the classification index of D.cochinchinensis seedlings.The grading standard of D.cochinchinensis seedlings was established by the stepwise clustering method.The results showed that D.cochinchinensis seedlings grew fastest from June to August,and there were significant differences in the growth performance of D.cochinchinensis seedlings cultivated with different container sizes,fertilizer types,and nursery substrates(P<0.05).Among them,the best combination is A2B3C1,that is,15 cm×15 cm container size,5%organic fertilizer,70%yellow soil+30%branch and leaf debris.The principal component contribution rates of seedling height and ground diameters were 68.34%and 16.34%respectively,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 84.68%.Therefore,the seedling height and ground diameter can be used as the grading index of 8-month-old D.cochinchinensis seedlings.The seedling grading standard is:Grade I seedlings:H≥90.4 cm,D≥0.903 cm;gradeII seedlings:90.4 cm>H≥68.1 cm,0.903 cm>D≥0.615 cm;grade III seedlings:H<68.1 cm,D<0.615 cm.

关 键 词：交趾黄檀 容器规格 肥料类型 育苗基质 苗木分级 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]