农业支持水平及政策结构变动的国际比较分析——基于欧盟、美国、澳大利亚、日本、韩国、巴西、中国的考察  

International Comparative Analysis of Changes in Agricultural Support Level and Policy Structure——Based on Research in EU,US,Australia,Japan,South Korea,Brazil,and China

作　　者：郭琰 肖琴[1] 周振亚[1] GUO Yan;XIAO Qin;ZHOU Zhenya

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《世界农业》2023年第1期17-29,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家发展和改革委员会项目“中国区域农业功能与发展战略研究”(2020GM075);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IARRP-2022)。

摘　　要：把握国际农业支持政策最新变化趋势,对于中国农业支持政策的调整和制定具有重要借鉴意义。本文运用OECD政策评估体系,对比分析了发达经济体和新兴经济体的农业支持水平与支持政策结构变动。研究发现:(1)发达经济体农业支持总量投入相对稳定,同期中国农业支持总量迅速增加,但农业支持强度与发达经济体相比仍有一定差距。(2)在农业总支持结构中,生产者支持仍是样本经济体农业支持政策的主流趋势,农产品主要出口国由生产者支持转向消费者支持倾向显著。(3)从生产者支持结构看,生产者保护政策由价格支持向经营者直接补贴转变已成为全球发展的必然方向。在直接补贴方式上,新兴经济体倾向于与生产挂钩的农业投入品政策使用,发达经济体侧重农业环境保护相关脱钩政策使用,且脱钩政策具有农产品针对性、工具多样性特点。(4)从一般服务支持结构看,发达经济体较为注重对农业知识与创新、农业基础设施建设和维护以及农产品营销和推广的支持;新兴经济体巴西与之类似,农业知识与创新是其一般服务支持的重点;在中国,一般服务支持的大部分主要投向公共储备和基础设施。在此基础上,本文从加大农业支持力度、优化农业支持结构等方面对中国农业支持政策调整提出了相关建议。Grasping the latest trends of international agricultural support policies has important implications for the adjustment and formulation of China’s agricultural support policies.Using the OECD policy assessment system,this paper compares and analyzes the changes in agricultural support levels and support policy structures in developed and emerging economies.It is found that:(1)The total agricultural support inputs in developed economies are relatively stable,while the total agricultural support in China has increased rapidly during the same period,but the intensity of agricultural support in China still has a certain gap compared with that in developed economies.(2)In the structure of total agricultural support,support to producers is still the mainstream trend of agricultural support policies in the sample economies,and the major exporters of agricultural products have a significant tendency to shift from producer support to consumer support.(3)In terms of producer support structure,the shift of producer protection policies from price support to direct subsidies for operators has become an inevitable direction of global development.In terms of direct subsidies,emerging economies tend to use agricultural input policies linked to production,while developed economies focus on the use of decoupling policies related to agricultural environmental protection,and the decoupling policies are characterized by the targeting of agricultural products and the diversity of instruments.(4)In terms of the structure of general service support,developed economies focus more on agricultural knowledge and innovation,agricultural infrastructure construction and maintenance,and agricultural marketing and promotion;similarly,Brazil,an emerging economy,focuses on agricultural knowledge and innovation as its general service support;in China,most of the general service support is mainly invested in public reserves and infrastructure.On this basis,this paper puts forward relevant suggestions for the adjustment of China’s agricultural su

关 键 词：农业支持政策 支持水平 政策结构 OECD政策评估体系 

分 类 号：F313[经济管理—产业经济]