低温下化学反应热力学和零点热  

THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AT LOW TEMPERATURE AND ZERO-POINT HEAT

作　　者：陈力行 黄子翀 王鑫[1,2] 刘全慧[1,2] CHEN Lixing;HUANG Zichong;WANG Xin;LIU Quanhui(College of Physics and Electronics,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082;School for Theoretical Physics,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学物理与微电子科学学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]湖南大学理论物理研究所,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《物理与工程》2022年第5期11-14,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11675051),高等学校教学研究项目(DWJZW202136zn)。

摘　　要：零温时化学反应完成之后系统吉布斯函数减小的量,即释放出来的热量,定义为零点热。零点热由两部分组成:反应物和生成物的零点内能差,反应物和生成物的体积变化能。注意到对一些系统来说,Thomsen-Berthelot原理在相当高的温度下依然有效,意味着零点热对于较高的温度依然具有重要意义。At zero temperature,the amount of decrease of the Gibbs function accompanying a chemical reaction is the heat released from the thermodynamic process,and the heat is defined as the zero-point heat.The zero-point heat consists in two parts,one is the difference between the thermodynamic zero-point internal energy of the reactant and that of the product in the chemical reaction,and another the mechanical energy of the volume changes of the reactant the product.For some systems,the Thomsen-Berthelot principle is applicable at room temperature and even higher,which means that zero-point heat plays significant roles at relatively high temperatures.

关 键 词：热力学 热力学第三定律 Thomsen-Berthelot原理 化学反应 

分 类 号：O642[理学—物理化学]