多重反射激光光杠杆法测金属线胀系数公式再修正  

CORRECTION OF THE FORMULA FOR MEASURING LINEAR EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF METAL BY MULTIPLE REFLECTION LASER OPTICAL LEVER METHOD

作　　者：张园[1] 宋宁[1] 张雷明[1] ZHANG Yuan;SONG Ning;ZHANG Leiming(Xuhai College,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221008)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学徐海学院,江苏徐州221008

出　　处：《物理与工程》2022年第5期164-167,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：江苏省高校“大学生劳动教育”“基础课程群”专项课题(编号:2021JDKT102);中国矿业大学徐海学院专业建设与教学改革一般项目(编号:YA2035)。

摘　　要：多重反射激光光杠杆法具有占用空间小、调节光路简单、灵敏度高等优点。但因多次反射的光路分析较为复杂,现有的测量原理公式都做了较为粗略的近似。为消除理论公式上的误差,本文对多重反射激光光杠杆法理论公式进行再次修正,给出未做近似的精确测量公式,并利用修正后的原理公式分析和处理实验数据,得到铜金属线胀系数为1.87×10^(-5)/℃,与同状态下黄铜的线胀系数相对误差仅为0.91%;用未修正前的原理公式对同组数据分析得到金属线胀系数为1.94×10^(-5)/℃,与同状态下黄铜的线胀系数相对误差为3.2%。修正后的多重反射光杠杆法原理公式提高了实验的精度,也拓宽了公式的适用范围,为获得更小、更精准的仪器装置提供了思路。The multiple reflection light lever method has the advantages of small space occupation,simple adjustment of the optical path,and high sensitivity.However,due to the complexity of the optical path analysis of multiple reflection,the existing measurement principles and formulas have made a rough approximation.To eliminate errors in the theoretical formula,this article revises the theoretical formula of the multiple reflected light lever method again,and gives an accurate measurement formula without approximation.Using the revised principle formula to analyze and process the experimental data,it is obtained that the linear expansion coefficient of copper is 1.87×10^(-5)/℃,and the relative error of the linear expansion coefficient of brass is only 0.91%.The same set of data is analyzed with the principle formula before correction to get the metal linear expansion coefficient 1.94×10^(-5)/℃,and the relative error of the linear expansion coefficient of brass under the same state is 3.2%.The revised principle formula of the multiple reflected light lever method improves the accuracy of the experiment,and also broadens the scope of application of the formula,providing an idea for obtaining smaller and more accurate instruments.

关 键 词：线胀系数 多重反射 光杠杆 修正 

分 类 号：TG115.2[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]