北方典型地区地下水化学特征及其成因分析  

Analysis of chemical characteristics and causes of groundwater in typical Northern regions

作　　者：胡大洲 李亚南 朱利英 钟慧[1,2] 尚宝更 俞开昌[6] 高尚哲 魏源送[1,2,3,4,7] HU Dazhou;LI Yanan;ZHU Liying;ZHONG Hui;SHANG Baogeng;YU Kaichang;GAO Shangzhe;WEI Yuansong(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,Beijing 100085,China;Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Resources and Environment Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Gu'an Shaun Trading Co.,Ltd.,Langfang 065000,China;Origin Water Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102206.China;Institute of Energy Reseurch of Jiang.ri Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,水污染控制实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南昌大学资源与环境学院,南昌3330031 [5]固安肖恩商贸有限公司,廊坊065000 [6]北京碧水源科技股份有限公司,北京102206 [7]江西省科学院能源研究所,南昌330096

出　　处：《给水排水》2022年第12期8-17,共10页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目[NSFC-NSF(中斯),21861142020];“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟(ANSO)联合研究项目(ANSO-CR-KP-2020-05);中国科学院(CAS)中斯联合水技术研究与示范中心项目。

摘　　要：地下水是我国农村地区主要的饮用水来源。选择河南兰考、河北固安、内蒙古磴口和新疆叶城为对象,通过现场调研和采样分析,比较地下水的水化学类型及主要影响因素,分析地下水中溶解性有机物(DOM)组分,并采用水质指数(WQI)评价水质状况。结果表明,四地的地下水中TOC、硬度、Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NO^(-)_(3)均存在不同程度的超标状况,不能满足《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-2017)Ⅲ类标准要求;兰考地下水的水化学类型以Na·K-HCO_(3)型为主,固安、磴口分别以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na和Cl·SO4-Na型为主,叶城地区以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na和SO_(4)·Cl-Na·Ca型为主,并受岩石风化、蒸发结晶、阳离子交替吸附作用影响。DOM组分主要为短波类腐殖质组分C1(26.57%)和类蛋白组分C2(73.43%),其中兰考、固安和磴口地下水的DOM以自生源为主,叶城地区兼具外源和自生源特征。WQI评价结果表明,兰考、磴口和叶城的地下水分别有12.5%、80%和75%低于“良好”,需进一步净化处理。Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in rural areas of China.In this study,four regions including Lankao in Henan,Gu’an in Hebei,Dengkou in Inner Mongolia and Yecheng in Xinjiang,respectively,were selected to compare aquatic chemistry types of groundwater and their main factors,analyze the dissolved organic matter(DOM)components in groundwater,and evaluate the water quality by the water quality index(WQI)through field investigation.The results showed that concentrations of TOC,hardness,Na^(+),SO_(4)^(2-)and NO^(-)_(3)in the groundwater of the four sites all exceeded their limits and could not meet the requirements of the ClassⅢof Standard for groundwater quality(GB/T 14848—2017).The major hydro-chemical type of groundwater in Lankao is as Na·K-HCO_(3)type,those in Gu’an and Dengkou are as HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na and Cl·SO_(4)-Na type,respectively,and those in Yecheng are as HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na and SO_(4)·Cl-Na·Ca type.These hydro-chemical type of groundwater are mainly influenced by rock weathering,evaporation crystallization,and alternate cation adsorption.Short-wave humus-like fraction C1(26.57%)and protein-like fraction C2(73.43%)are the main components of DOM fractions,among which the DOM of groundwater in Lankao,Gu’an and Dengkou is dominated by autogenous sources,and Yecheng area has both exogenous and autogenous characteristics.The WQI evaluation results showed that 12.5%,80%and 75%of groundwater in Lankao,Dengkou and Yecheng are less than the grade of“Good”,respectively,and need further purification for drinking purpose.

关 键 词：地下水 水化学类型 溶解性有机物 水质指数 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程] X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]