黄河流域城镇污水处理厂建设与运行现状分析  

Analysis of the current situation of construction and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Yellow River basin

作　　者：徐傲 巫寅虎[2] 陈卓 郝姝然 胡洪营 XU Ao;WU Yinhu;CHEN Zhuo;HAO Shuran;HU Hongying(Research Institute for Environmental Inmovation(Suzhou),Tsinghua,Suzhou215163,China;Schoolof Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and PollutionControl,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华苏州环境创新研究院,苏州215163 [2]清华大学环境学院环境前沿技术北京实验室环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《给水排水》2022年第12期27-36,共10页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0408601);太原市国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项(KCX2020-3-07);国家自然科学基金项目(51738005)。

摘　　要：对黄河流域68个主要城市的城镇污水排放与处理厂建设、污水处理厂进出水水质和能耗情况进行了系统分析。主要城市的平均污水处理率(污水处理量/污水排放量)达到98.1%,略高于全国平均水平。黄南州、阿坝州和海西州的污水处理率不足90%,呼和浩特、商洛和西安等26座城市的污水处理量超过了污水处理能力,平均负荷率达到117.1%,这些城市的污水处理设施建设亟待加强。多个城市的污水处理厂进水污染浓度偏低,阿坝州、甘孜州和濮阳等16个城市的城镇污水处理厂进水BOD浓度(2020年度中位值)低于100 mg/L。污水处理厂出水水质较好,除海北州和天水外,主要城市的城镇污水处理厂出水COD、TN和TP浓度均达到GB 18918-2002一级A排放标准。主要城市污水处理厂单位水量电耗介于0.26~1.11 kW·h/m^(3),单位COD去除电耗介于0.89~9.06 kW·h/kgCOD。果洛州、阿坝州和玉树州等城市的污水处理厂单位COD去除电耗显著高于其他城市。建议针对黄河流域地域特点,进一步加强城镇污水收集和处理设施建设完善污水处理统计制度,建立污水处理数据库和信息系统,推动黄河流域污水处理高质量发展。In this study,we systematically analyzed the situation of municipal wastewater discharge,construction of municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),the water quality of the influent and effluent,and the energy cost of municipal WWTPs of 68 main cities in the Yellow River basin.The average wastewater treatment rate(sewage treatment amount/sewage discharge amount)was 98.1%,slightly higher than the nation’s average.Huangnan prefecture,Aba prefecture,and Haixi prefecture were lower than 90%.There are 26 cities,such as Hohhot,Shangluo,and Xi’an,where wastewater discharge was higher than the wastewater treatment capacity,with an average load factor of 117.1%.The construction of WWTPs in those cities needs improvement.Many cities’WWTPs had low pollutant concentrations in the influent.It was lower than 100 mg/L that BOD concentration(the median of the year 2020)in the influent of municipal WWTPs in 16 cities such as Aba Prefecture,Ganzi prefecture,and Puyang.The COD,TN,and TP concentrations in the effluents of WWTPs in main cities met the requirement of Class 1-A discharge standard except for Haibei prefecture and Tianshui.The electricity consumptions were 0.26~1.11 kW·h/m^(3) and 0.89~9.06 kW·h/kg COD or the municipal WWTPs in the main cities.Compared to other cities,the electricity consumption per kg COD removal in several cities,such as Guoluo Prefecture,Aba Prefecture and Yushu Prefecture,were significantly higher.Based on this study,the authors propose that further improvements should consider the regional characteristics of the Yellow River basin.Improving wastewater collection and the construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities,improving the statistical system of sewage treatment,and founding the database and information system of wastewater treatments need to be considered for the development of wastewater treatment in the Yellow River basin.

关 键 词：污水处理厂 进水水质 出水水质 电耗 提质增效 黄河流域 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]