论反不正当竞争法一般条款的规范演进与司法适用  

Research on the Evolution and Judicial Application of General Clauses of Anti-Unfair Competition Law

作　　者：宁立志[1,2] 赵丰[1,3] Ning Lizhi;Zhao Feng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]武汉大学知识产权与竞争法研究所 [3]德国马克斯•普朗克创新与竞争研究所

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第12期40-65,共26页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：我国《反不正当竞争法》一般条款的修法设计和实践适用已引发诸多争议,反映出我国理论界与实务界在此问题上仍缺乏通识的话语体系及立法论和方法论的共识。从规范演进的视角来看,一般条款作为早期概念法学的产物,其新发展已呈现出立法论向方法论、强道德性向弱道德性、原则化向规则化、宽松主义向严格主义等鲜明转向。在此基础之上,我国《反不正当竞争法》一般条款的规范适用应立足于“在立法论上缓和争执,在方法论上引致共识”这一出发点:首先,从适用主体和权限来说,为充分应对新经济、新业态、新模式所带来的监管挑战,未来应赋予中央一级的市场监管机构适用一般条款来认定非类型化不正当竞争行为的权限;其次,从适用空间和顺位来说,一般条款与具体条款之间具有严格的补充适用关系;最后,从适用标准和范式来说,对竞争行为的评价可遵循“确认制度利益”“评估利益损害的量”“考察利益损害的质”“符合基本原则解释与立法目的限定”这四个具体步骤。The revision design and practical application of the general provisions of China’s Anti-Unfair Competition Law has caused many controversies. It essentially reflects that the theoretical and practical circles in China still lack a general discourse system, legislative theory and methodology consensus on this issue. From the perspective of normative evolution, as a product of early conceptual jurisprudence, the new development of general clauses has shown a sharp shift from legislative theory to methodology, strong morality to weak morality, principle to regulation, and laxism to strictism. On this basis, the normative application of the general provisions of the revised Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law should be based on the starting point of "releasing disputes on legislation and leading to consensus in methodology". First of all, from its applicable subject and authority, the central market regulatory agency should be given authority to apply general clause to determine untyped unfair competition in the future,in order to properly cope with the new economy, new formats, and new models. Secondly, in terms of its applicable space and order, there is a strict supplementary application relationship between general terms and specific terms. Finally, from the perspective of its applicable standards and paradigms, the evaluation of competitive behavior should follow the four specific steps: "recognition of systematic benefits", "evaluation of the amount of interest damaged", "examination of the quality of interest damaged" and "conform to the interpretation of basic principles and the definition of legislative purpose".

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 一般条款 弱道德性 严格主义 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]