《生物多样性公约》资金问题分析及对我国履约的启示  

Financial issues of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its reference for China’s CBD implementation

作　　者：王也 张风春[2] 南希 李宏涛 刘海鸥 Ye Wang;Fengchun Zhang;Xi Nan;Hongtao Li;Haiou Liu(Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035;Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [2]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第11期38-44,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：全球环境基金改善中国自然保护区可持续性项目。

摘　　要：资金议题一直是《生物多样性公约》关注的热点,资金机制和资源调动也一直是每届缔约方大会(COP)的常设议题。然而由于资金问题涉及各方政治意愿,发达国家和发展中国家间存在较大分歧。中国作为最大的发展中国家和COP15主席国,在资源调动中扮演着重要角色,需要对资金问题开展更多研究。在这种背景下,本文阐述了公共资金投入、资金使用效率与效力、对生物多样性有害的资金投入、利益相关方的参与等《生物多样性公约》资金问题重点要素;分析了是否强调多渠道增资、是否建立新的资金机制、是否取消全部生物多样性有害补贴、具体筹资目标等谈判主要分歧;提出了加大生物多样性财政资金投入、加强相关部门间资金协同管理,利用各类金融工具撬动社会资本的生物多样性投入,降低生物多样性损害风险、加强生物多样性信息披露,充分发挥市场机制作用、创新融资路径等建议,以期为中国生物多样性资源调动提供参考。Background & Aim: Finance-related issues have been the focus of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD).Financial mechanism and resource mobilization are recurring topics at each Conference of the Parties(COP) of CBD.As the funding issue relates to the political wills of the CBD parties, there are substantial disputes between developed and developing countries. As the largest developing country and the current president of CBD COP15, China plays a significant role in resource mobilization, which necessitates additional research. In this context, this paper discussed the central elements of the CBD’s financial issues, including public funding, funding efficiency and effectiveness,biodiversity-harmful incentives, and the participation of stakeholders.Methods: We analyzed the major points of contention that arose during negotiations, including whether to emphasize multi-channel capital increase, whether to establish a new financial mechanism, whether to eliminate all biodiversity-harmful subsidies, and the specific financing goals.Suggestions: We propose to increase government funding for biodiversity, improve the coordination amongst related departments, catalyze social funds by various financial tools, minimize biodiversity-related risks, improve information closure, maximize the role of market mechanisms and to develop innovative financing channels.

关 键 词：生物多样性公约 资金议题 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]