诗学视域下的悲剧叙述论与文化创伤的社会建构——以大屠杀为个案  

Tragic Narrative and the Social Construction of Cultural Trauma from a Poetic Perspective

作　　者：赵雪梅 Zhao Xuemei

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广州510006

出　　处：《文学理论前沿》2022年第2期108-139,共32页Frontiers of Literary Theory

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目“文化创伤诗学研究”(17YJC751054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：悲剧叙述是美国著名社会学家杰弗里·亚历山大在亚里士多德悲剧说的基础上提出的一个社会学概念,是文化创伤的社会建构的重要环节与主要策略。悲剧叙述是一种以展示死亡与苦难为主的创伤叙述,目的是使创伤事件成为一个促使观众一再返回的创伤剧,其本质是在承认并正视创伤的前提下对创伤的再现与描述。除了亚里士多德的悲剧说,悲剧叙述论的提出与当代创伤研究以及亚历山大对戏剧的社会团结作用的认可密不可分。悲剧叙述的展开分为个体叙述与社会叙述两个阶段。与之相应的,悲剧叙述的意义体现在个体与社会两个层面。亚历山大对亚里士多德悲剧说的盲视与他的理论建构动机共同导致了悲剧叙述论的理论盲点:它忽视了求知快感与情感分离在悲剧叙述中的客观存在,并将道德教化视为悲剧体验的唯一目的。从诗学视域出发对悲剧叙述论的阐释与解读,对于挖掘并演绎文化创伤理论自身的诗学特质,审视文化创伤的理论要义,反观并审视包括文学创伤在内的创伤理论研究的整体话语体系,实现文化创伤与文学创伤之间的理论互动,以及丰富当前的诗学话语范畴有着一定的意义。Tragic narrative is a sociological concept proposed by Jeffrey Alexan-der,a famous American sociologist,on the basis of Aristotle's tragic theory.It is an important link and main strategy of the social construction of cultural trauma.Tragic narrative is a kind of trauma narration which mainly shows death and suffering.The purpose of the tragic narrative is to make the traumatic event a trauma drama that prompts the audience to return again and again.Its essence is the reappearance and description of trauma on the premise of acknowledging and facing up to trauma.In addition to Aristotle's theory of tragedy,tragic narrative is closely related to contemporary trauma research and Alexander's recognition of the social solidarity of drama.The development of tragic narrative is divided into two stages:individual narrative and social narrative.The significance of tragic narrative is embodied in both individual and social levels.Alexander's blindness to Aristotle's tragic theory and his theoretical construction motivation lead to the theoretical blind spot of the tragic narrative theory:it ignores the objective existence of the pleasure of seeking knowledge and the separation of emotion in the tragic narrative,and regards moral enlightenment as the sole purpose of tragic experience.The interpretation of the Tragic narrative theory from the perspective of poetics has a certain significance for excavating and deducing the poetic characteristics of cultural trauma theory itself,examining the theoretical essence of cultural trauma,reflecting and examining the whole discourse system of trauma theory research including literary trauma,realizing theoretical interaction between cultural trauma and literary trauma,and enriching the current poetic discourse category.

关 键 词：悲剧叙述论 杰弗里·亚历山大 文化创伤 悲剧说 认知快感 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]