2020年河南省安阳市1083家企业职业病危害现状  

Status analysis of occupational hazard in 1083 enterprises in Anyang city,Henan province in 2020

作　　者：常艾民[1] CHANG Aimin(The Institute of Occupational Disease for Control and Prevention,A nyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Anyang,Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]安阳市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《河南预防医学杂志》2022年第12期955-960,共6页Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解安阳市存在职业病危害的企业数量及职业病危害现状,为制定安阳市职业病防治措施提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,2020年7-10月从安阳市9个县(市、区)114个乡镇(街道)中抽取76个乡镇(街道),对其中存在职业病危害因素的1083家企业进行职业病危害调查。结果调查的1083家企业中,从业人员接害率较高的3个县(市、区)依次为安阳县62.06%、汤阴县59.34%和殷都区53.52%,各县(市、区)从业人员接害率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4078.065,P<0.001)。企业规模以微型(64.27%)和小型(30.10%)为主。大型企业从业人员接害率为55.11%(21314/38673),高于其他类型企业;采矿业从业人员接害率为64.95%(3095/4765),高于其他行业企业(P均<0.001)。2019年共74家企业开展了职业病危害因素检测,检测率为6.83%。大中型企业职业病危害因素检测率为42.62%(26/61),高于小微型企业(4.70%,48/1022)(χ^(2)=124.178,P<0.001)。粉尘、化学毒物、噪声岗位检测超标率分别为4.75%、0.14%、11.59%。制造业职业病危害因素检测率明显低于其他两个行业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论安阳市职业病危害状况严峻,尤其是小微型企业,应加强安阳县、殷都区等重点地区、采矿业、制造业等重点行业的职业卫生监管,关注接触职业病危害因素从业人员的职业健康监护。Objective To investigate the number of enterprises with occupational hazards and status of occupational hazards in Anyang city,and provide basis for the formulation of policies for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Anyang city.Methods By the cluster sampling method,76 townships(streets)were drawn from 114 townships(streets)in 9 counties and districts of the city,and 1083 enterprises eligible for the program in 76 townships(streets)were investigated for occupational hazards.Results Among the 1083 investigated enterprises in the city,the county/district with the highest proportion of employees exposed to occupation hazard was Anyang county(62.06%);followed by Tangyin county(59.34%)and Yindu district(53.52%).The difference in the proportions of employees exposed to occupation and hazard factors among counties/districts was statistically significant(P<0.001).The distribution of enterprise size was dominated by small enterprises(30.10%)and micro enterprises(64.27%).The proportion of employees exposed to hazard factors in large enterprises was greater than that in other types of enterprises,and the proportion of mining employees exposed to hazard factors was greater than that in other types of enterprises.The differences were all significant(all P<0.001).In 2019,a total of 74 enterprises were carried out the detection of occupational hazard,with a detection rate of 6.83%.The detection rate of occupational hazard factors in large and medium-sized enterprises was higher than that in small and micro enterprises,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The over-standard rates of dust,chemical toxicants and noise were 4.75%,0.14%and 11.59%,respectively.The detection rate of occupational hazard factors in manufacturing industry was significantly lower than that in the other two industries,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Occupational hazards are severe in Anyang city,especially in small and micro enterprises.It is necessary to strengthen the occupatio

关 键 词：职业病 职业病危害 工业企业 小微企业 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]