世界主要发达经济体碳中和战略举措及对我国的启示  

Strategic Actions of Carbon Neutrality Adopted by Global Main Developed Economies and Their Influence on China

作　　者：侯梅芳[1] 程敏华[1] 赵蒙 Hou Meifang;Cheng Minhua;Zhao Meng(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《石油科技论坛》2022年第6期17-25,共9页PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM

摘　　要：气候变化是当今世界面临的最严峻问题之一,碳中和已成为全球应对气候变化行动的重要方向,并将带来经济社会广泛而深刻的系统性变革。阐述了碳中和概念的起源及全球碳中和目标提出的战略背景,重点梳理分析欧盟、英国、美国、日本等世界主要发达经济体的碳中和战略取向、目标设定、政策框架和具体措施,主要具有5点共同特征:(1)紧密结合国情制定战略规划和具体措施;(2)注重立法和执行机制对碳中和目标的保障作用;(3)针对重点领域制定特色鲜明的行业减排方案;(4)强调科技创新的支撑引领作用;(5)积极探索面向碳中和的财税金融政策和市场机制。对我国碳中和工作提出5点参考建议:(1)加强顶层设计,制定科学合理的碳中和战略目标和路径;(2)加快碳中和立法进程,构建系统有效的微观执行机制;(3)聚焦关键领域,加快构建绿色低碳产业体系;(4)强化科技创新,加快突破“三碳”(低碳、零碳、负碳)前沿技术;(5)完善经济制度,加快建立碳中和市场机制。Climatic change is one of the sternest issues faced by the world at the present.Carbon neutrality has become the important orientation for the actions taken by the world in response to climatic change and will lead to an extensive and profound systematic transformation,both socially and economically.This paper elaborates the source of the carbon neutrality conception and the strategic background against which the global carbon neutrality goal is set.It also clarifies and analyzes the strategic orientations,setting of goals,policy frameworks and concrete measures of global main developed economies,such as European Union,the UK,the United States and Japan.There are five main characteristics in common:(1)The strategic plan and concrete measures are formulated entirely on the basis of their national conditions.(2)Importance is attached to the roles of the legislature and enforcement mechanism to assure the carbon neutrality goal.(3)The emission-reducing action plan with the clear characteristics is formulated in the light of the key areas.(4)The supporting and leading roles of technological innovation are emphasized.(5)Active efforts are concentrated on the financial and taxation policies and market mechanism oriented at carbon neutrality.This paper comes up with five suggestions on China’s carbon neutrality work:(1)Enhance the top-level design to formulate the scientific and reasonable carbon neutrality strategic goal and path.(2)Accelerate the legislative process for carbon neutrality and establish the systematic and effective micro applicable mechanism.(3)Focus on the key areas to accelerate construction of the green low-carbon industrial system.(4)Enhance technological innovation and accelerate breakthrough in the frontier technologies of“three carbons”(low carbon,zero carbon and negative carbon).(5)Perfect the economic system to accelerate establishment of the carbon neutrality market mechanism.

关 键 词：碳中和 绿色低碳 战略布局 政策框架 关键行业 科技创新 财税政策 

分 类 号：F416.2[经济管理—产业经济]