核电用铁素体钢断裂韧度表征方法的研究进展  

Research Progress on Fracture Toughness Characterization Methods of Ferritic Steels for Nuclear Application

作　　者：曾鑫 刘长军[1] 谈建平[1] 曹昱澎 苏东川[3] ZENG Xin;LIU Changjun;TAN Jianping;CAO Yupeng;SU Dongchuan(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200233,China;Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200237 [2]上海核工程研究设计院有限公司,上海200233 [3]中国核动力研究设计院,成都610041

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第S02期370-376,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075174)。

摘　　要：在役核电厂的延寿对减少碳排放和推动能源转型起到重要作用,反应堆压力容器(RPV)材料的断裂韧度是电站寿命管理所需的必要参数。现役轻水堆RPV材料通常由铁素体钢制成,这类钢材的断裂韧度存在固有的韧脆转变特性、高度分散性以及温度相关性。另外,测试试样几何尺寸差异引起的断裂韧度尺寸效应和强中子辐照导致的韧脆转变温度偏移等因素的影响,使得准确表征铁素体钢的断裂韧度非常困难。为此,学者们提出了多种描述铁素体钢断裂韧度的方法。其中,基于概率统计的断裂韧度表征方法能便捷、合理地描述铁素体钢断裂韧度固有特性,具有广阔的工程领域应用前景。典型代表——主曲线法——因测试试件需求量少且允许采用小尺寸试样获取材料的断裂韧度而备受青睐。为解决小试样测试断裂韧度时的尺寸效应,学术界开展了大量的断裂韧度表征参数T0与拘束度的关联工作。此外,为表征中子辐照对铁素体钢断裂韧度的影响,除定期通过辐照监督试样测试断裂韧度以外,还建立了基于物理机制的辐照脆化预测模型。本文在简述核电用铁素体钢发展历程的基础上,分别对当前的断裂韧度表征方法、断裂韧度尺寸效应的关联方法和辐照后断裂韧度的评价方法进行了综述,总结了铁素体钢在断裂韧度表征上存在的问题并对未来研究方向进行了展望。Life extension of currently operating nuclear power plants plays an important role in reducing carbon emissions and promoting energy transition.The fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel(RPV)materials is a necessary parameter required for life extension of nuclear power plants.The existing RPV materials of light water reactors are commonly made of ferritic steels,and the fracture toughness of this type of material has inherent ductile-brittle transition characteristics,extensive scatter and temperature dependence.Moreover,the size effect caused by the difference in the geometric dimensions of the test specimens and the influence of intense neutron radiation have made it difficult to accurately characterize the fracture toughness of ferritic steels.Therefore,a variety of characterization methods which describe the fracture toughness of ferritic steels have been proposed by scholars.Among them,the fracture toughness characterization method based on probability statistics can easily and reasonably describe the inherent characteristics of fracture toughness of ferritic steel,which has a broad engineering application prospect.Master curve method is favored because it requires fewer test specimens and allows the use of small specimens to test the fracture toughness of materials.In order to solve the size effect of fracture toughness of small specimens,scholars have conducted a lot of research on the relationship between fracture toughness characterization parameter T0and constraint.Besides,in order to characterize the effect of neutron irradiation on the fracture toughness of ferritic steels,in addition to regularly testing the fracture toughness of the irradiation surveillance specimens,irradiation embrittlement prediction models based on physical mechanisms were also established to characterize the fracture toughness of ferritic steels.In this review,the history of RPV structural materials is briefly introduced.The current fracture toughness characterization methods,the correlation between fracture toughness a

关 键 词：反应堆压力容器 铁素体钢 断裂韧度 尺寸效应 辐照脆化 

分 类 号：TL341[核科学技术—核技术及应用]