失活硫酸催化剂资源化利用研究进展  

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON RESOURCE UTILIZATION OF DEACTIVATED SULFURIC ACID CATALYST

作　　者：陈炳旭 杜浩[2,3] 李兰杰 王少娜 刘彪[2] 李昊男[2] 祁健 周冰晶 Chen Bingxu;Du Hao;Li Lanjie;Wang Shaona;Liu Biao;Li Haonan;Qi Jian;Zhou Bingjing(School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,Liaoning;Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources,Beijing 100190;International College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Chengde Vanadiun Titanium New Material Co.,Ltd.,Chengde 067102,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110004 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所战略金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学国际学院,北京100049 [4]承德钒钛新材料有限公司,河北承德067102

出　　处：《河北冶金》2022年第10期1-8,20,共9页Hebei Metallurgy

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划资助项目(21284402Z);河钢集团重点科技项目(20210026)。

摘　　要：中国是最大的硫酸生产国,每年产生8000~10000 t的失活硫酸催化剂,其中含V_(2)O_(5)约5%~10%,是重要的含钒二次资源。含钒二次资源是美国等发达国家的首选提钒原料,全球12%的钒产品从中提取,而我国对于含钒二次资源的回收利用尚处于起步阶段。本文对失活硫酸催化剂的失活原因、成分等基本特征进行了总结,对具有代表性的失活硫酸催化剂直接碱浸提钒工艺、直接酸浸提钒工艺进行了分析、比较。酸浸工艺具有效率高、成本低等显著优势,但选择性低,需要进行Fe、Ni、As、K、Na、S多元素分离;碱浸工艺选择性高,但高碱度废水的处理、焦硫酸钾的回收仍然是难题。直接酸浸-溶剂萃取法被认为是失活硫酸催化剂资源化利用的一种有前景的方法,可实现高金属回收率、高产品纯度,避免二次污染。China is the largest producer of sulfuric acid,with 8000~10000 tons of deactivated sulfuric acid catalyst each year,which contains V_(2)O_(5)about 5%~10%.It is an important secondary vanadium resource.Vanadium-containing secondary resource is the first choice for vanadium extraction in the United States and other developed countries,and 12%of the world's vanadium products are extracted from it.In this paper,the deactivation reason and composition of deactivated sulfuric acid catalyst are summarized,the typical processes of vanadium extraction from deactivated sulfuric acid catalyst by direct alkali leaching and by direct acid leaching were analyzed and compared.The acid leaching process has the obvious advantages of high efficiency and low cost,but the selectivity is low,which requires the separation of Fe,Ni,As,K,Na,S multi-elements,and the alkali leaching process has high selectivity,but the treatment of high alkalinity wastewater and the recovery of potassium pyrosulfate are still difficult problems.The direct acid leaching-solvent extraction method is considered as a promising method for the resource utilization of deactivated sulfuric acid catalyst,which can achieve high metal recovery,high product purity and avoid secondary pollution.

关 键 词：失活硫酸催化剂 提钒 直接碱浸法 直接酸浸法 溶液萃取法 分离 

分 类 号：X756[环境科学与工程—环境工程]